Facteur de fertilitéLe facteur de fertilité (nommé facteur F par sa découvreuse Esther Lederberg au milieu du ; aussi nommé plasmide F, ou encore sex factor chez E. coli ou F sex factor ; ou encore plasmide-F) permet le transfert de gènes d'une bactérie portant ce facteur à une autre bactérie dépourvue du facteur par conjugaison. Ce facteur F est porté sur l'épisome F, le premier épisome découvert. Contrairement aux autres plasmides, le facteur F est constitutif des protéines de transfert en raison d'une mutation du gène finO.
Virus adéno-associéthumb|Virus adéno-associés. Un virus adéno-associé (ou AAV, pour adeno associated virus en anglais) est un petit virus à ADN, non pathogène, existant chez les primates dont l'humain. Les virus adéno-associés, très attractifs comme vecteur de transfert de gènes, ont démontré au travers de nombreuses études précliniques de thérapie génique leur fort potentiel thérapeutique, conforté par des essais cliniques de phase I à III. Certains sérotypes naturels (AAV9) ou artificiels traversent la barrière hémato-encéphalique chez l'homme.
Restriction modification systemThe restriction modification system (RM system) is found in bacteria and other prokaryotic organisms, and provides a defense against foreign DNA, such as that borne by bacteriophages. Bacteria have restriction enzymes, also called restriction endonucleases, which cleave double stranded DNA at specific points into fragments, which are then degraded further by other endonucleases. This prevents infection by effectively destroying the foreign DNA introduced by an infectious agent (such as a bacteriophage).
Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique)In molecular biology, mutagenesis is an important laboratory technique whereby DNA mutations are deliberately engineered to produce libraries of mutant genes, proteins, strains of bacteria, or other genetically modified organisms. The various constituents of a gene, as well as its regulatory elements and its gene products, may be mutated so that the functioning of a genetic locus, process, or product can be examined in detail. The mutation may produce mutant proteins with interesting properties or enhanced or novel functions that may be of commercial use.
Site-specific recombinationSite-specific recombination, also known as conservative site-specific recombination, is a type of genetic recombination in which DNA strand exchange takes place between segments possessing at least a certain degree of sequence homology. Enzymes known as site-specific recombinases (SSRs) perform rearrangements of DNA segments by recognizing and binding to short, specific DNA sequences (sites), at which they cleave the DNA backbone, exchange the two DNA helices involved, and rejoin the DNA strands.
Blue–white screenThe blue–white screen is a screening technique that allows for the rapid and convenient detection of recombinant bacteria in vector-based molecular cloning experiments. This method of screening is usually performed using a suitable bacterial strain, but other organisms such as yeast may also be used. DNA of transformation is ligated into a vector. The vector is then inserted into a competent host cell viable for transformation, which are then grown in the presence of X-gal.
Mouse models of breast cancer metastasisBreast cancer metastatic mouse models are experimental approaches in which mice are genetically manipulated to develop a mammary tumor leading to distant focal lesions of mammary epithelium created by metastasis. Mammary cancers in mice can be caused by genetic mutations that have been identified in human cancer. This means models can be generated based upon molecular lesions consistent with the human disease. Metastasis is a process of migration of tumour cells from the primary cancer site to a distant location where the cancer cells form secondary tumors.
T-box transcription factor TT-box transcription factor T, also known as Brachyury protein, is encoded for in humans by the TBXT gene. Brachyury functions as a transcription factor within the T-box family of genes. Brachyury homologs have been found in all bilaterian animals that have been screened, as well as the freshwater cnidarian Hydra. The brachyury mutation was first described in mice by Nadezhda Alexandrovna Dobrovolskaya-Zavadskaya in 1927 as a mutation that affected tail length and sacral vertebrae in heterozygous animals.
