Clone (cell biology)A clone is a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry, meaning they are derived from the same cell. Clonality implies the state of a cell or a substance being derived from one source or the other. Thus there are terms like polyclonal—derived from many clones; oligoclonal—derived from a few clones; and monoclonal—derived from one clone. These terms are most commonly used in context of antibodies or immunocytes. This concept of clone assumes importance as all the cells that form a clone share common ancestry, which has a very significant consequence: shared genotype.
Lymphocyte Bvignette|Une reconstitution en 3D d'un lymphocyte B. On peut voir les prolongements cytoplasmiques qui servent au lymphocyte à se déplacer sur la paroi des vaisseaux sanguins vignette|Un lymphocyte B humain, en microscopie électronique. On peut apercevoir les mitochondries, un noyau très volumineux, et des prolongements cytoplasmiques (sortes de tentacules) qui servent au lymphocytes à se déplacer. Les lymphocytes B, ou cellules B, sont des globules blancs particuliers faisant partie des lymphocytes.
Nucléase effectrice de type activateur de transcriptionDécrits pour la première fois en 2009, une nucléase effectrice de type activateur de transcription transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) est une enzyme de restriction artificielle générée par fusion d'un domaine de liaison à l'ADN, appelé TALE, avec un domaine ayant la capacité de cliver l'ADN. Les enzymes de restriction sont des enzymes qui ont la capacité de couper l'ADN au niveau d'une séquence spécifique.
Ethics of cloningIn bioethics, the ethics of cloning refers to a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning, especially human cloning. While many of these views are religious in origin, some of the questions raised by cloning are faced by secular perspectives as well. Perspectives on human cloning are theoretical, as human therapeutic and reproductive cloning are not commercially used; animals are currently cloned in laboratories and in livestock production.
