Riparian-zone restorationRiparian-zone restoration is the ecological restoration of riparian-zone habitats of streams, rivers, springs, lakes, floodplains, and other hydrologic ecologies. A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. Riparian is also the proper nomenclature for one of the fifteen terrestrial biomes of the earth; the habitats of plant and animal communities along the margins and river banks are called riparian vegetation, characterized by aquatic plants and animals that favor them.
Fleuve JauneLe fleuve Jaune (), ou Huáng hé, est le deuxième plus long fleuve de Chine après le Yangzi Jiang. Long de , il prend sa source dans le plateau tibétain et après avoir traversé les provinces de Gansu, Níngxià, Mongolie-Intérieure, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan et Shandong il se jette dans la mer de Bohai, dans la mer Jaune. Le bassin versant du fleuve d'une superficie de est caractérisé par un climat en grande partie semi-aride qui explique le débit modéré du fleuve à son embouchure ().
Impact evaluationImpact evaluation assesses the changes that can be attributed to a particular intervention, such as a project, program or policy, both the intended ones, as well as ideally the unintended ones. In contrast to outcome monitoring, which examines whether targets have been achieved, impact evaluation is structured to answer the question: how would outcomes such as participants' well-being have changed if the intervention had not been undertaken? This involves counterfactual analysis, that is, "a comparison between what actually happened and what would have happened in the absence of the intervention.
Norm-referenced testA norm-referenced test (NRT) is a type of test, assessment, or evaluation which yields an estimate of the position of the tested individual in a predefined population, with respect to the trait being measured. Assigning scores on such tests may be described as relative grading, marking on a curve (BrE) or grading on a curve (AmE, CanE) (also referred to as curved grading, bell curving, or using grading curves).
Stream restorationStream restoration or river restoration, also sometimes referred to as river reclamation, is work conducted to improve the environmental health of a river or stream, in support of biodiversity, recreation, flood management and/or landscape development. Stream restoration approaches can be divided into two broad categories: form-based restoration, which relies on physical interventions in a stream to improve its conditions; and process-based restoration, which advocates the restoration of hydrological and geomorphological processes (such as sediment transport or connectivity between the channel and the floodplain) to ensure a stream's resilience and ecological health.
Stratégie d'évaluation (informatique)Un langage de programmation utilise une stratégie d'évaluation pour déterminer « quand » évaluer les arguments à l'appel d'une fonction (ou encore, opération, méthode) et « comment » passer les arguments à la fonction. Par exemple, dans l'appel par valeur, les arguments doivent être évalués avant d'être passés à la fonction. La stratégie d'évaluation d'un langage de programmation est spécifiée par la définition du langage même. En pratique, la plupart des langages de programmation (Java, C...
Flow measurementFlow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured using devices called flowmeters in various ways. The common types of flowmeters with industrial applications are listed below: Obstruction type (differential pressure or variable area) Inferential (turbine type) Electromagnetic Positive-displacement flowmeters, which accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and then count the number of times the volume is filled to measure flow. Fluid dynamic (vortex shedding) Anemometer Ultrasonic flow meter Mass flow meter (Coriolis force).
Theoretical ecologyTheoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments.
Dérive littoralevignette|Diagramme montrant la dérive littorale1=plage 2=mer3=direction du courant côtier 4=vagues incidentes5=jet de rive6=flot de retour. La dérive littorale est le déplacement le long d'un littoral de matières (sédiments, sable) déposées par les vagues, le vent et/ou les courants longitudinaux (en en anglais). Il se distingue du mouvement dans le profil, déplacement transversal (en) assimilé au courant de marée. Si cette dérive peut être calculée par des courantomètres à capteurs de pression, l'enregistrement du déplacement transversal est plus difficile.
Accumulateur nickel-hydrure métalliqueUn accumulateur nickel-hydrure métallique ou NiMH (de l'anglais nickel-metal hydride) est un accumulateur électrique rechargeable utilisant de l'hydrure métallique (composé permettant de stocker de l'hydrogène) et de l'oxyhydroxyde de nickel comme l'électrode. La technologie NiMH est extrêmement répandue dans les accumulateurs portables d'usage courant : les modèles AA/HR6 dont la capacité peut atteindre pour les plus performants ; les modèles AAA/HR3 dont la capacité maximale est de .
