Wireless Internet service providerA wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5, 24, and 60 GHz bands or licensed frequencies in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band), LMDS, and other bands from 6 GHz to 80 GHz. In the US, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released Report and Order, FCC 05-56 in 2005 that revised the FCC’s rules to open the 3650 MHz band for terrestrial wireless broadband operations.
Line-of-sight propagationLine-of-sight propagation is a characteristic of electromagnetic radiation or acoustic wave propagation which means waves can only travel in a direct visual path from the source to the receiver without obstacles. Electromagnetic transmission includes light emissions traveling in a straight line. The rays or waves may be diffracted, refracted, reflected, or absorbed by the atmosphere and obstructions with material and generally cannot travel over the horizon or behind obstacles.
ÉclairageLéclairage est l'ensemble des moyens qui permettent à l'homme de doter son environnement des conditions de luminosité qu'il estime nécessaires à son activité ou son agrément. L'éclairage associe une source lumineuse (naturelle ou artificielle, fixe ou mobile) et d'éventuels dispositifs de type batteries, luminaires ou miroir/puits de Lumière. Les sources artificielles étaient le feu, des lampes à graisse, puis des lampes à huile, des torches, des bougies, les lampes à pétrole puis le gaz, puis des lampes électriques d’abord à incandescence (traditionnelle ou halogène) puis fluorescentes et électroluminescentes.
Modality (human–computer interaction)In the context of human–computer interaction, a modality is the classification of a single independent channel of input/output between a computer and a human. Such channels may differ based on sensory nature (e.g., visual vs. auditory), or other significant differences in processing (e.g., text vs. image). A system is designated unimodal if it has only one modality implemented, and multimodal if it has more than one. When multiple modalities are available for some tasks or aspects of a task, the system is said to have overlapping modalities.
UrbanologieL'urbanologie \yʁ.ba.nɔ.lɔ.ʒi\ (du latin urbs, ville, et du grec ancien logos, discours) est la science dont l'objet d'étude est la ville dans ses différents aspects. L'urbanologie fait partie des sciences sociales et se distingue de l'urbanisme qui est un processus technique et politique qui concerne l'aménagement du territoire et le développement des zones urbaines. « Nous proposons d'appeler urbanologie, note Marcel Cornu, l'ensemble des recherches et études dont le champ se trouve être l'espace urbain, c'est-à-dire tout ce qui concerne la connaissance des villes.
Architectural lighting designArchitectural lighting design is a field of work or study that is concerned with the design of lighting systems within the built environment, both interior and exterior. It can include manipulation and design of both daylight and electric light or both, to serve human needs. Lighting design is based in both science and the visual arts. The basic aim of lighting within the built environment is to enable occupants to see clearly and without discomfort.
Radical empiricismRadical empiricism is a philosophical doctrine put forth by William James. It asserts that experience includes both particulars and relations between those particulars, and that therefore both deserve a place in our explanations. In concrete terms: Any philosophical worldview is flawed if it stops at the physical level and fails to explain how meaning, values and intentionality can arise from that. Radical empiricism is a postulate, a statement of fact, and a conclusion, says James in The Meaning of Truth.
Conception participativeLa conception participative, ou coconception, que l'on retrouve couramment sous le terme codesign, co-design et design participatif, est une méthode de travail qui implique l'utilisateur final, lors d'un processus de développement et de conception d'un produit ou d'un service. Il s'agit donc d'une méthode de conception centrée sur l'utilisateur où l'accent est mis sur le rôle actif des utilisateurs.
Design methodsDesign methods are procedures, techniques, aids, or tools for designing. They offer a number of different kinds of activities that a designer might use within an overall design process. Conventional procedures of design, such as drawing, can be regarded as design methods, but since the 1950s new procedures have been developed that are more usually grouped together under the name of "design methods". What design methods have in common is that they "are attempts to make public the hitherto private thinking of designers; to externalise the design process".
Empirismevignette|Roger Bacon, philosophe scolastique, précurseur de l’empirisme sous sa forme moderne. L'empirisme désigne un ensemble de théories philosophiques qui font de l'expérience sensible l'origine de toute connaissance ou croyance et de tout plaisir esthétique. L'empirisme s'oppose en particulier à l'innéisme et plus généralement au rationalisme « nativiste » pour lesquels nous disposerions de connaissances, idées ou principes avant toute expérience.
