MitochondrieUne mitochondrie est un organite, possédant toutes les caractéristiques d'un organisme procaryote, entourée d'une double membrane composée chacune d'une double couche phospholipidique, et retrouvée chez la plupart des cellules eucaryotes (absente dans les érythrocytes matures et chez certains parasites). Leur diamètre varie généralement entre tandis que leur forme générale et leur structure sont extrêmement variables. On en retrouve jusqu'à par cellule, et elles sont localisées préférentiellement au niveau des zones cellulaires consommatrices d'adénosine triphosphate (ATP).
Aging brainAging of the brain is a process of transformation of the brain in older age, including changes all individuals experience and those of illness (including unrecognised illness). Usually this refers to humans. Since life extension is only pertinent if accompanied by health span extension, and, more importantly, by preserving brain health and cognition, finding rejuvenating approaches that act simultaneously in peripheral tissues and in brain function is a key strategy for development of rejuvenating technology.
Timeline of aging researchThis timeline lists notable events in the history of research into senescence or biological aging, including the research and development of life extension methods, brain aging delay methods and rejuvenation. People have long been interested in making their lives longer and healthier. The most anсient Egyptian, Indian and Chinese books contain reasoning about aging. Ancient Egyptians used garlic in large quantities to extend their lifespan.
ÉpigénétiqueL'épigénétique (mot-valise de épigenèse et génétique) est la discipline de la biologie qui étudie la nature des mécanismes modifiant de manière réversible, transmissible (lors des divisions cellulaires) et adaptative l'expression des gènes sans en changer la séquence nucléotidique (ADN). Alors que la génétique correspond à l’étude des gènes, l’épigénétique s’intéresse à une « couche » d’informations complémentaires qui définit comment ces gènes sont susceptibles d'être utilisés par une cellule.
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritanceTransgenerational epigenetic inheritance is the transmission of epigenetic markers and modifications from one generation to multiple subsequent generations without altering the primary structure of DNA. Thus, the regulation of genes via epigenetic mechanisms can be heritable; the amount of transcripts and proteins produced can be altered by inherited epigenetic changes. In order for epigenetic marks to be heritable, however, they must occur in the gametes in animals, but since plants lack a definitive germline and can propagate, epigenetic marks in any tissue can be heritable.
Maximum life spanMaximum life span (or, for humans, maximum reported age at death) is a measure of the maximum amount of time one or more members of a population have been observed to survive between birth and death. The term can also denote an estimate of the maximum amount of time that a member of a given species could survive between birth and death, provided circumstances that are optimal to that member's longevity. Most living species have an upper limit on the number of times somatic cells not expressing telomerase can divide.
Prolongation de la durée de vie humaineLa science du prolongement de la durée de vie humaine, parfois aussi appelée médecine anti-âge est l'étude du ralentissement, de l'arrêt ou de l'inversion des processus de vieillissement pour prolonger la durée de vie maximale et moyenne chez l'homme. En 2018, un essai clinique a révélé que des médicaments anti-vieillissement expérimentaux peuvent protéger les personnes âgées contre des infections respiratoires potentiellement mortelles en rajeunissant leur système immunitaire.
EukaryotaLes eucaryotes (Eukaryota) sont un domaine regroupant tous les organismes, unicellulaires ou multicellulaires, qui se caractérisent par la présence d'un noyau et généralement d'organites spécialisés dans la respiration, en particulier mitochondries chez les aérobies mais aussi hydrogénosomes chez certains anaérobies. On le distingue classiquement des deux autres domaines que sont les bactéries et les archées (mais le clade des eucaryotes s'embranche en fait parmi ces Archées).
Anti-aging movementThe anti-aging movement is a social movement devoted to eliminating or reversing aging, or reducing the effects of it. A substantial portion of the attention of the movement is on the possibilities for life extension, but there is also interest in techniques such as cosmetic surgery which ameliorate the effects of aging rather than delay or defeat it. There are many scientists of this movement with different approaches.
EukaryogenesisEukaryogenesis, the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The process is widely agreed to have involved symbiogenesis, in which archaea and bacteria came together to create the first eukaryotic common ancestor (FECA). This cell had a new level of complexity and capability, with a nucleus, at least one centriole and cilium, facultatively aerobic mitochondria, sex (meiosis and syngamy), a dormant cyst with a cell wall of chitin and/or cellulose and peroxisomes.
