Seismic metamaterialA seismic metamaterial, is a metamaterial that is designed to counteract the adverse effects of seismic waves on artificial structures, which exist on or near the surface of the earth. Current designs of seismic metamaterials utilize configurations of boreholes, trees or proposed underground resonators to act as a large scale material. Experiments have observed both reflections and bandgap attenuation from artificially induced seismic waves.
Onde sismiquethumb|Différentes ondes sismiques.|alt= Les ondes sismiques, ou ondes élastiques, sont des mouvements vibratoires qui se propagent à travers un milieu matériel et peuvent le modifier irréversiblement si leur amplitude est suffisante. Elles sont engendrées par un événement initial, généralement un séisme. L'impulsion de départ déplace les atomes du milieu, qui en poussent d'autres avant de reprendre leur place, ces déplacements oscillatoires se propageant ensuite de proche en proche.
Terahertz metamaterialA terahertz metamaterial is a class of composite metamaterials designed to interact at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The terahertz frequency range used in materials research is usually defined as 0.1 to 10 THz. This bandwidth is also known as the terahertz gap because it is noticeably underutilized. This is because terahertz waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than microwaves but lower than infrared radiation and visible light.
Plasmonic metamaterialA plasmonic metamaterial is a metamaterial that uses surface plasmons to achieve optical properties not seen in nature. Plasmons are produced from the interaction of light with metal-dielectric materials. Under specific conditions, the incident light couples with the surface plasmons to create self-sustaining, propagating electromagnetic waves known as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Once launched, the SPPs ripple along the metal-dielectric interface. Compared with the incident light, the SPPs can be much shorter in wavelength.
S waveNOTOC In seismology and other areas involving elastic waves, S waves, secondary waves, or shear waves (sometimes called elastic S waves) are a type of elastic wave and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves. S waves are transverse waves, meaning that the direction of particle movement of a S wave is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, and the main restoring force comes from shear stress.
Ondevignette|Propagation d'une onde. Une onde est la propagation d'une perturbation produisant sur son passage une variation réversible des propriétés physiques locales du milieu. Elle se déplace avec une vitesse déterminée qui dépend des caractéristiques du milieu de propagation. vignette|Une vague s'écrasant sur le rivage. Il existe trois principaux types d'ondes : les ondes mécaniques se propagent à travers une matière physique dont la substance se déforme. Les forces de restauration inversent alors la déformation.
Surface waveIn physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media. A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves. Gravity waves can also occur within liquids, at the interface between two fluids with different densities. Elastic surface waves can travel along the surface of solids, such as Rayleigh or Love waves. Electromagnetic waves can also propagate as "surface waves" in that they can be guided along with a refractive index gradient or along an interface between two media having different dielectric constants.
SuperlentilleUne superlentille est une lentille optique élaborée avec des métamatériaux et permettant de distinguer des détails jusqu'à vingt fois inférieurs à la longueur d'onde d'utilisation. Une lentille classique est dite « limitée par la diffraction », c'est-à-dire que l'image la plus petite que l'on pourra obtenir sera toujours une tache d'Airy et donc possède un diamètre dépendant du diamètre de la lentille et de la longueur d'onde d'utilisation, limitant l'utilisation de lentilles classiques en verre optique à l'observation d'objet de quelques centaines de nanomètres.
Onde longitudinaleLongitudinal waves are waves in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels and displacement of the medium is in the same (or opposite) direction of the wave propagation. Mechanical longitudinal waves are also called compressional or compression waves, because they produce compression and rarefaction when traveling through a medium, and pressure waves, because they produce increases and decreases in pressure.
Shear wave splittingShear wave splitting, also called seismic birefringence, is the phenomenon that occurs when a polarized shear wave enters an anisotropic medium (Fig. 1). The incident shear wave splits into two polarized shear waves (Fig. 2). Shear wave splitting is typically used as a tool for testing the anisotropy of an area of interest. These measurements reflect the degree of anisotropy and lead to a better understanding of the area's crack density and orientation or crystal alignment.
