Prelog strainIn organic chemistry, transannular strain (also called Prelog strain after chemist Vladimir Prelog) is the unfavorable interactions of ring substituents on non-adjacent carbons. These interactions, called transannular interactions, arise from a lack of space in the interior of the ring, which forces substituents into conflict with one another. In medium-sized cycloalkanes, which have between 8 and 11 carbons constituting the ring, transannular strain can be a major source of the overall strain, especially in some conformations, to which there is also contribution from large-angle strain and Pitzer strain.
Ion oxoniumvignette|Un ion oxonium où R représente une chaîne carbonée. Un ion oxonium est un cation portant une charge positive localisée sur un atome d'oxygène trivalent. D'après les recommandations de l'UICPA, les ions oxonium sont l'ion de formule chimique H3O+ et ses dérivés substitués. L'ion H3O+ est aussi connu sous le nom d'ion hydronium. L'UICPA définit les ions oxonium comme l'.
Wender Taxol total synthesisWender Taxol total synthesis in organic chemistry describes a Taxol total synthesis (one of six to date) by the group of Paul Wender at Stanford University published in 1997. This synthesis has much in common with the Holton Taxol total synthesis in that it is a linear synthesis starting from a naturally occurring compound with ring construction in the order A,B,C,D. The Wender effort is shorter by approximately 10 steps. Raw materials for the preparation of Taxol by this route include verbenone, prenyl bromine, allyl bromide, propiolic acid, Gilman reagent, and Eschenmoser's salt.
Substituted tryptamineSubstituted tryptamines, or serotonin analogues, are organic compounds which may be thought of as being derived from tryptamine itself. The molecular structures of all tryptamines contain an indole ring, joined to an amino (NH2) group via an ethyl (−CH2–CH2−) sidechain. In substituted tryptamines, the indole ring, sidechain, and/or amino group are modified by substituting another group for one of the hydrogen (H) atoms. Well-known tryptamines include serotonin, an important neurotransmitter, and melatonin, a hormone involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.
PyrimidineLa pyrimidine (ou 1,3-diazine ) est une molécule azotée hétérocyclique aromatique (C4H4N2) voisine de la pyridine et comportant deux atomes d'azote. Elle est aussi isomère de position de la pyridazine (1,2-diazine) et la pyrazine (1,4-diazine). Dans un sens plus large, ses dérivés à bases pyrimidiques sont aussi appelés pyrimidines. Ils se retrouvent notamment dans les bases nucléiques constituant les molécules d'ADN et d'ARN : cytosine, thymine, uracile. Dans l'ADN ces bases forment des liaisons hydrogène avec leurs purines complémentaires : Fichier:Adenin.
Onium ionIn chemistry, an onium ion is a cation formally obtained by the protonation of mononuclear parent hydride of a pnictogen (group 15 of the periodic table), chalcogen (group 16), or halogen (group 17). The oldest-known onium ion, and the namesake for the class, is ammonium, , the protonated derivative of ammonia, . The name onium is also used for cations that would result from the substitution of hydrogen atoms in those ions by other groups, such as organic groups, or halogens; such as tetraphenylphosphonium, .
Pyramidal inversionIn chemistry, pyramidal inversion (also umbrella inversion) is a fluxional process in compounds with a pyramidal molecule, such as ammonia (NH3) "turns inside out". It is a rapid oscillation of the atom and substituents, the molecule or ion passing through a planar transition state. For a compound that would otherwise be chiral due to a stereocenter, pyramidal inversion allows its enantiomers to racemize. The general phenomenon of pyramidal inversion applies to many types of molecules, including carbanions, amines, phosphines, arsines, stibines, and sulfoxides.
Latex (matériau)Le latex est un matériau élastique élaboré par transformation d'un suc végétal (également appelé latex) produit par l’hévéa. Il peut aussi être synthétisé par polymérisation à partir de dérivés pétroliers. Le latex est différent de la sève ; celle-ci assure la distribution de l’eau, des sels minéraux ou des sucres alors que le latex est plutôt impliqué dans les mécanismes naturels de défense du végétal. Il circule dans un réseau distinct de celui des vaisseaux : les canaux laticifères.
