Clinical researchClinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and effectiveness (efficacy) of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use. These may be used for prevention, treatment, diagnosis or for relieving symptoms of a disease. Clinical research is different from clinical practice. In clinical practice established treatments are used, while in clinical research evidence is collected to establish a treatment.
Glutamate receptorGlutamate receptors are synaptic and non synaptic receptors located primarily on the membranes of neuronal and glial cells. Glutamate (the conjugate base of glutamic acid) is abundant in the human body, but particularly in the nervous system and especially prominent in the human brain where it is the body's most prominent neurotransmitter, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, and also the precursor for GABA, the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Trouble paniqueLe trouble panique est un trouble anxieux caractérisé par des attaques de panique récurrentes et sévères. Il peut inclure une peur des conséquences ou des inquiétudes d'avoir d'autres attaques (attaques dites anticipatoires). Une attaque de panique est un évènement court et intense, déclenché par une cause soudaine, inopinée et intense pendant laquelle on peut avoir une peur de mourir. Il ne peut être prédit, mais on en identifie parfois des facteurs déclenchants.
Errorless learningErrorless learning was an instructional design introduced by psychologist Charles Ferster in the 1950s as part of his studies on what would make the most effective learning environment. B. F. Skinner was also influential in developing the technique, noting that, ...errors are not necessary for learning to occur. Errors are not a function of learning or vice versa nor are they blamed on the learner. Errors are a function of poor analysis of behavior, a poorly designed shaping program, moving too fast from step to step in the program, and the lack of the prerequisite behavior necessary for success in the program.
Trauma centerA trauma center, or trauma centre, is a hospital equipped and staffed to provide care for patients suffering from major traumatic injuries such as falls, motor vehicle collisions, or gunshot wounds. A trauma center may also refer to an emergency department (also known as a "casualty department" or "accident and emergency") without the presence of specialized services to care for victims of major trauma.
Spontaneous recoverySpontaneous recovery is a phenomenon of learning and memory that was first named and described by Ivan Pavlov in his studies of classical (Pavlovian) conditioning. In that context, it refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay. Such a recovery of "lost" behaviors can be observed within a variety of domains, and the recovery of lost human memories is often of particular interest. For a mathematical model for spontaneous recovery see Further Reading.
Traumatisme majeurUn traumatisme majeur est une blessure qui peut entraîner une invalidité permanente ou la mort. Il existe de nombreuses causes de traumatismes majeurs comme les chutes, les accidents de la route, les blessures par arme blanche et les blessures par balle. La prise en charge nécessite de la rapidité et le transport en urgence vers un établissement médical spécialisé (appelé trauma center).
