Television antennaA television antenna (TV aerial) is an antenna specifically designed for use with a television receiver (TV) to receive over-the-air broadcast television signals from a television station. Television reception is dependent upon the antenna as well as the transmitter. Terrestrial television is broadcast on frequencies from about 47 to 250 MHz in the very high frequency (VHF) band, and 470 to 960 MHz in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band in different countries.
Distributed-element circuitDistributed-element circuits are electrical circuits composed of lengths of transmission lines or other distributed components. These circuits perform the same functions as conventional circuits composed of passive components, such as capacitors, inductors, and transformers. They are used mostly at microwave frequencies, where conventional components are difficult (or impossible) to implement. Conventional circuits consist of individual components manufactured separately then connected together with a conducting medium.
Antenne rideauthumb|Antennes rideaux HF de radiodiffusion à Wertachtal, Bavière thumb|Antenne rideau HF de quatre fois quatre éléments dipôle à Hörby, Suède Une Antenne rideau est une antenne directive pour les ondes courtes (décamétriques) qu’on utilise pour des émetteurs radio. L’objectif des services de radiodiffusion en ondes décamétriques est la couverture d’une zone géographique étendue. Pour cela, il faut avoir une puissance d’émission suffisante et une fréquence adaptée à la prévision ionosphérique.
Onde radioUne onde radioélectrique, communément abrégée en onde radio, est une onde électromagnétique dont la fréquence est inférieure à . Si la longueur d'onde dans le vide est supérieure à (fréquences inférieures à ) on parle d'ondes « radiofréquences ». Si la longueur d'onde dans le vide est comprise entre et (fréquences comprises entre et ) on parle d'ondes « hyperfréquences ». Adaptées au transport de signaux issus de la voix et de l'image, les ondes radio permettent les radiocommunications (talkie-walkies, téléphone sans fil, téléphonie mobile.
Abaque de Smithvignette|348x348px|Un exemple d'abaque de Smith. L'abaque de Smith est un nomogramme reliant le rapport des ondes guidées incidentes et réfléchies le long d'un guide de propagation à la variation d'impédance caractéristique le long de ce guide. Cette représentation porte le nom de son inventeur, Phillip Hagar Smith, proposée en 1939, à la suite de ses travaux sur le calcul de la ligne de transmission à la RCA. Un plan complexe est associé aux coefficients de réflexion d'une onde guidée, et l'abaque est généralement réduit à un disque tel que le module du coefficient de réflexion est inférieur ou égal à 1.
Smart antennaSmart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas, digital antenna arrays, multiple antennas and, recently, MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use them to calculate beamforming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target. Smart antennas should not be confused with reconfigurable antennas, which have similar capabilities but are single element antennas and not antenna arrays.
Reflections of signals on conducting linesA signal travelling along an electrical transmission line will be partly, or wholly, reflected back in the opposite direction when the travelling signal encounters a discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the line, or if the far end of the line is not terminated in its characteristic impedance. This can happen, for instance, if two lengths of dissimilar transmission lines are joined. This article is about signal reflections on electrically conducting lines.
CirculatorIn electrical engineering, a circulator is a passive, non-reciprocal three- or four-port device that only allows a microwave or radio-frequency signal to exit through the port directly after the one it entered. Optical circulators have similar behavior. Ports are where an external waveguide or transmission line, such as a microstrip line or a coaxial cable, connects to the device. For a three-port circulator, a signal applied to port 1 only comes out of port 2; a signal applied to port 2 only comes out of port 3; a signal applied to port 3 only comes out of port 1, and so on.
Aperture (antenna)In electromagnetics and antenna theory, the aperture of an antenna is defined as "A surface, near or on an antenna, on which it is convenient to make assumptions regarding the field values for the purpose of computing fields at external points. The aperture is often taken as that portion of a plane surface near the antenna, perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation, through which the major part of the radiation passes.
Antenna feedA radio transmitter or receiver is connected to an antenna which emits or receives the radio waves. The antenna feed system or antenna feed is the cable or conductor, and other associated equipment, which connects the transmitter or receiver with the antenna and makes the two devices compatible. In a radio transmitter, the transmitter generates an alternating current of radio frequency, and the feed system feeds the current to the antenna, which converts the power in the current to radio waves.
