Tuberculosis managementTuberculosis management describes the techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB). The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first two months. During this initial period, Isoniazid is taken alongside pyridoxal phosphate to obviate peripheral neuropathy. Isoniazid is then taken coincident with rifampicin for the remaining four months of treatment.
TuberculoseLa tuberculose est une maladie infectieuse causée par la bactérie Mycobacterium tuberculosis, qui se transmet par voie aérienne, avec des signes cliniques variables. Elle touche le plus souvent les poumons et peut parfois atteindre d’autres organes. Elle arrive en tête des causes de mortalité d'origine infectieuse à l’échelle mondiale, devant le sida. L'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) rapporte à travers son rapport annuel consacré à la tuberculose et sorti en 2015 que de personnes sont mortes de la tuberculose l’année précédente.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis – aussi nommée bacille de Koch (BK) en référence à son découvreur Robert Koch – est une espèce de bacille de la famille des Mycobacteriaceae. Sa structure la rapproche des bactéries à Gram positif bien qu'en pratique la coloration de Gram soit difficilement réalisable sur elle. C'est l'espèce type du genre Mycobacterium et l'agent infectieux responsable de la tuberculose humaine. La découverte de M.
InfectionAn infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses. Hosts can fight infections using their immune systems. Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response.
Pathogenic bacteriaPathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and are often beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred. By contrast, several thousand species are part of the gut flora present in the digestive tract.
VaginoseLa vaginose, ou vaginose bactérienne, est un déséquilibre de la flore microbienne du vagin. Elle se caractérise par la disparition des lactobacilles et la multiplication de germes anaérobies tels que le Gardnerella vaginalis. Il ne s'agit pas d'une infection sexuellement transmissible. Elle témoigne plutôt d'un déséquilibre de la flore vaginale avec disparition de l'effet protecteur du bacille de Döderlein. C’est la cause spécifique la plus fréquente d’infection vaginale.
Bacterial pneumoniaBacterial pneumonia is a type of pneumonia caused by bacterial infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae () is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in all age groups except newborn infants. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium that often lives in the throat of people who do not have pneumonia. Other important Gram-positive causes of pneumonia are Staphylococcus aureus () and Bacillus anthracis.
Skin infectionA skin infection is an infection of the skin in humans and other animals, that can also affect the associated soft tissues such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes. They comprise a category of infections termed skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs), or skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and acute bacterial SSSIs (ABSSSIs). They are distinguished from dermatitis (inflammation of the skin), although skin infections can result in skin inflammation.
Drug discoveryIn the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin. More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that had a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology.
InfectiologieL'infectiologie est une spécialité médicale traitant du diagnostic, du contrôle et du traitement des infections. Le travail d'un infectiologue consiste en grande partie à gérer les infections nosocomiales (acquises à l'hôpital), mais peut aussi impliquer des consultations externes. Les infectiologues sont généralement des consultants auprès d'autres médecins en cas d'infections complexes, et gèrent souvent les patients atteints du SIDA et autres formes d'immunodéficience.