Molecular engineering of face-on oriented dopant-free hole transporting material for perovskite solar cells with 19% PCE

Through judicious molecular engineering, novel dopant-free star-shaped D-pi-A type hole transporting materials coded KR355, KR321, and KR353 were systematically designed, synthesized and characterized. KR321 has been revealed to form a particular face-on organization on perovskite films favoring vertical charge carrier transport and for the first time, we show that this particular molecular stacking feature resulted in a power conversion efficiency over 19% in combination with mixed-perovskite (FAPbI(3))(0.85)(MAPbBr)(0.15). The obtained 19% efficiency using a pristine hole transporting layer without any chemical additives or doping is the highest, establishing that the molecular engineering of a planar donor core, p-spacer and periphery acceptor leads to high mobility, and the design provides useful insight into the synthesis of next-generation HTMs for perovskite solar cells and optoelectronic applications.

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Kyung Taek Cho, Peng Gao, Giulia Grancini, Paul Gratia, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Sanghyun Paek, Kasparas Rakstys
Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017
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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/228652?ln=fr

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PbZrTiO3 ferroelectric oxide as an electron extraction material for stable halide perovskite solar cells

Ulf Anders Hagfeldt, Hui-Seon Kim, Monica Marcela Lira Cantu, Anna Morales Melgares, Michael Saliba, Silver Hamill Turren Cruz, Zaiwei Wang, Haibing Xie, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin

State-of-the-art halide perovskite solar cells employ semiconductor oxides as electron transportmaterials. Defects in these oxides, such as oxygen vacancies (Ovac), act as recombination centres and, in air and UV light, reduce the stability of the solar cell. Under the same conditions, the PbZrTiO3 ferroelectric oxide employsOvac for the creation of defect-dipoles responsible for photo-carrier separation and current transport, evading device degradation. We report the application of PbZrTiO3 as the electron extraction material in triple cation halide perovskite solar cells. The application of a bias voltage (poling) up to 2 V, under UV light, is a critical step to induce charge transport in the ferroelectric oxide. Champion cells result in power conversion efficiencies of similar to 11% after poling. Stability analysis, carried out at 1-sun AM 1.5 G, including UV light in air for unencapsulated devices, shows negligible degradation for hours. Our experiments indicate the effect of ferroelectricity, however alternative conducting mechanisms affected by the accumulation of charges or the migration of ions (or the combination of them) cannot be ruled out. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the application of a ferroelectric oxide as an electron extraction material in efficient and stable PSCs. These findings are also a step forward in the development of next generation ferroelectric oxide-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.

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The evolution of triphenylamine hole transport materials for efficient perovskite solar cells

Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin

In recent years, the dramatic increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) coupled with a decrease in the total cost of third-generation solar cells has led to a significant increase in the collaborative research efforts of academic and industrial researchers. Such interdisciplinary studies have afforded novel materials, which in many cases are now ready to be brought to the marketplace. Within this framework, the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is currently an important area of research due to their extraordinary light-harvesting properties. In particular, PSCs prepared via facile synthetic procedures, containing hole transport materials (HTMs) with versatile triphenylamine (TPA) structural cores, amenable to functionalization, have become a focus of intense global research activity. To optimize the efficiency of the solar cells to achieve efficiencies closer to rival silicon-based technology, TPA building blocks must exhibit favourable electrochemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties that can be chemically tuned in a rational manner. Although PSCs based on TPA building blocks exhibit attractive properties such as high-power efficiencies, a reduction in their synthetic costs coupled with higher stabilities and environmental considerations still need to be addressed. Considering the above, a detailed summary of the most promising compounds and current methodologies employed to overcome the remaining challenges in this field is provided. The objective of this review is to provide guidance to readers on exploring new avenues for the discovery of efficient TPA derivatives, to aid in the future development and advancement of TPA-based PSCs for commercial applications.

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Ultraviolet Filtration Passivator for Stable High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Keith Gregory Brooks, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Yi Zhang, Bing Zhang

Although the published values of power conversion efficiency (PCE) have increased continuously in recent years for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), improvements in the stability and performance of PSCs with conventional TiO2 or SnO2 electron transport layers (ETLs) remain limited by the presence of nonideal interface defects and low ultraviolet (UV) absorption. In this study, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfonate-benzophenone (SBP), an inexpensive water-soluble sunscreen raw material, was incorporated into the SnO2 ETL as a UV filter. It was found that the exposure of perovskite to UV light was significantly reduced, and, more importantly, the carbonyl and sulfonic acid groups in the SBP influenced both the perovskite crystallization process and the passivation of defects in the ETL/perovskite film interface. As a result, the PCE of SBP-based devices was increased to 22.54% from 20.78% of the control sample, with a concomitant decrease in the hysteresis. Moreover, the efficiency of champion devices with SBP decreased by less than 5% after 200 h of continuous UV (1.63 mW/cm2, 285 nm) irradiation, while the control group dropped to below 75% of the initial value, thus showing significantly improved stability.

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2022

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