Gingival graftingGingival grafting, also called gum grafting or periodontal plastic surgery, is a generic term for the performance of any of a number of periodontal surgical procedures in which the gum tissue is grafted. The aim may be to cover exposed root surfaces or merely to augment the band of keratinized tissue. The soft tissue in the oral cavity is classified as either keratinized or nonkeratinized based on the presence of keratin in the epithelium. In health, the soft tissue immediately around the teeth is keratinized and is referred to as keratinized tissue or gingiva.
Teeth cleaningTeeth cleaning is part of oral hygiene and involves the removal of dental plaque from teeth with the intention of preventing cavities (dental caries), gingivitis, and periodontal disease. People routinely clean their own teeth by brushing and interdental cleaning, and dental hygienists can remove hardened deposits (tartar) not removed by routine cleaning. Those with dentures and natural teeth may supplement their cleaning with a denture cleaner.
Porphyromonas gingivalisPorphyromonas gingivalis est une espèce de bactéries anaérobie, non mobiles, asaccharolytique, présente dans la cavité buccale, responsable de gingivite. Elle est un agent pathogène majeur de la parodontite sévère de l'adulte, maladie inflammatoire courante qui détruit les tissus de soutien de la dent, ce qui peut entraîner la perte des dents. Elle serait un des facteurs favorisant de pathologies comme la maladie d'Alzheimer. Porphyromonas gingivalis est fortement corrélé à la parodontite chronique.
Extraction dentaireUne extraction dentaire est l'enlèvement d'une dent de la bouche. Les extractions peuvent être conseillées pour plusieurs raisons. La principale est la carie dentaire qui a détruit assez de structure de la dent pour ne plus pouvoir restaurer celle-ci. Les dents incluses, dont les dents de sagesse sont aussi extraites de façon routinière. L'extraction simple (exodontie) est un acte chirurgical qui consiste à pratiquer l'avulsion d'un organe dentaire sans anomalies de structures, de formes et de positions avec un contexte local et général non susceptible de compliquer la réalisation de l'acte.
Removable partial dentureA removable partial denture (RPD) is a denture for a partially edentulous patient who desires to have replacement teeth for functional or aesthetic reasons and who cannot have a bridge (a fixed partial denture) for any reason, such as a lack of required teeth to serve as support for a bridge (i.e. distal abutments) or financial limitations. This type of prosthesis is referred to as a removable partial denture because patients can remove and reinsert it when required without professional help.
Tooth lossTooth loss is a process in which one or more teeth come loose and fall out. Tooth loss is normal for deciduous teeth (baby teeth), when they are replaced by a person's adult teeth. Otherwise, losing teeth is undesirable and is the result of injury or disease, such as dental avulsion, tooth decay, and gum disease. The condition of being toothless or missing one or more teeth is called edentulism. Tooth loss has been shown to causally reduce overall health and wellbeing as it increases the probability of depression.
Debridement (dental)In dentistry, debridement refers to the removal by dental cleaning of accumulations of plaque and calculus (tartar) in order to maintain dental health. Debridement may be performed using ultrasonic instruments, which fracture the calculus, thereby facilitating its removal, as well as hand tools, including periodontal scaler and curettes, or through the use of chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide. Dental debridement is a procedure by which plaque and calculus (tartar) that have accumulated on the teeth is removed.
DenturesDentures (also known as false teeth) are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth, supported by the surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures are removable (removable partial denture or complete denture). However, there are many denture designs, some of which rely on bonding or clasping onto teeth or dental implants (fixed prosthodontics). There are two main categories of dentures, the distinction being whether they fit onto the mandibular arch or on the maxillary arch.
Dent (anatomie humaine)vignette|Des dents humaines. La dent humaine est un organe dur, couleur ivoire, composé d'une couronne et d'une ou plusieurs racines implantées dans l'os alvéolaire des os maxillaires (maxillaire et mandibule) de la cavité buccale, et destiné à couper et à broyer les aliments. On distingue les incisives, les canines, les prémolaires et les molaires. Les dents se forment au cours de la dentition et leur nombre total est en principe de 20 ou 32 selon qu'il s'agisse de la denture temporaire ou définitive, respectivement.
DentineLa dentine, appelée aussi ivoire pour les animaux, est la substance majoritaire constituant la dent et plus généralement l'organe dentaire. Chez l'être humain, le terme « dentine » est le seul terme employé en odonto-stomatologie ; le terme « ivoire » s'applique exclusivement aux animaux, par exemple pour les défenses de l'éléphant ou du morse. La dentine est composée en masse à 70 % d’hydroxyapatite, à 20 % de matières organiques et à 10 % d’eau.
