Anatomical terms of motionMotion, the process of movement, is described using specific anatomical terms. Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and specific sections of the body. The terminology used describes this motion according to its direction relative to the anatomical position of the body parts involved. Anatomists and others use a unified set of terms to describe most of the movements, although other, more specialized terms are necessary for describing unique movements such as those of the hands, feet, and eyes.
ArthroseL'arthrose est une maladie qui touche les articulations, on l'appelle aussi arthropathie chronique dégénérative . Elle est caractérisée par des douleurs, mécaniques diurnes et par la difficulté à effectuer des mouvements articulaires. Au niveau de l'articulation, la surface du cartilage se fissure, s'effrite et finit par disparaître. S'ensuit, la formation d'excroissances osseuses qui nuisent aux mouvements. L'arthrose traduit une dégénérescence du cartilage des articulations sans infection ni inflammation particulière.
Prothèse totale de hanchethumb|Une prothèse de hanche en titane, un couple de glissement constitué d'une tête fémorale en céramique et d'un cotyle en polyéthylène. Une prothèse totale de hanche (PTH) est un dispositif articulaire interne qui vise à remplacer l'articulation de la hanche et lui permettre un fonctionnement quasi normal, en tout cas permettant la marche. Une PTH dite de « première intention » est une prothèse posée sur une hanche en principe « vierge », par opposition à la « reprise de PTH » ou même la « PTH de reprise » d'une hanche déjà opérée, voire déjà infectée.
Linear actuatorA linear actuator is an actuator that creates motion in a straight line, in contrast to the circular motion of a conventional electric motor. Linear actuators are used in machine tools and industrial machinery, in computer peripherals such as disk drives and printers, in valves and dampers, and in many other places where linear motion is required. Hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders inherently produce linear motion. Many other mechanisms are used to generate linear motion from a rotating motor.
ArthroplastieReplacement arthroplasty (from Greek arthron, joint, limb, articulate, + plassein, to form, mould, forge, feign, make an image of), or joint replacement surgery, is a procedure of orthopedic surgery in which an arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with an orthopedic prosthesis. Joint replacement is considered as a treatment when severe joint pain or dysfunction is not alleviated by less-invasive therapies. It is a form of arthroplasty, and is often indicated from various joint diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Foot dropFoot drop is a gait abnormality in which the dropping of the forefoot happens due to weakness, irritation or damage to the deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal), including the sciatic nerve, or paralysis of the muscles in the anterior portion of the lower leg. It is usually a symptom of a greater problem, not a disease in itself. Foot drop is characterized by inability or impaired ability to raise the toes or raise the foot from the ankle (dorsiflexion).
ChondromalacieLa chondromalacie (du grec : khondros signifiant cartilage et malakos mou) est une pathologie de ramollissement touchant les articulations et plus particulièrement celles du genou (rotule et fémur). Le ramollissement du tissu cartilagineux est fréquemment accompagné de fissures provoquant douleurs et craquement de l'articulation à la flexion. Les causes les plus fréquentes de chondromalacie sont l'arthrose ou un traumatisme de l'articulation touchée souvent liée à la pratique intensive d'un sport la sollicitant.
Valve actuatorA valve actuator is the mechanism for opening and closing a valve. Manually operated valves require someone in attendance to adjust them using a direct or geared mechanism attached to the valve stem. Power-operated actuators, using gas pressure, hydraulic pressure or electricity, allow a valve to be adjusted remotely, or allow rapid operation of large valves. Power-operated valve actuators may be the final elements of an automatic control loop which automatically regulates some flow, level or other process.
Luxation congénitale de la hancheLa luxation congénitale de la hanche est une affection du nouveau-né, symptomatique de dysplasie congénitale ou développementale de l'acetabulum. Les anomalies chez le nouveau-né ou l'enfant connues sous le terme de dysplasie acétabulaire et subluxation ou luxation de la tête du fémur hors du cotyle (ou acetabulum), parce qu'ils sont présents à la naissance, sont longtemps étiquetées comme dysplasie ou luxation “congénitale” de hanche .
Wearable computerA wearable computer, also known as a body-borne computer, is a computing device worn on the body. The definition of 'wearable computer' may be narrow or broad, extending to smartphones or even ordinary wristwatches. Wearables may be for general use, in which case they are just a particularly small example of mobile computing. Alternatively, they may be for specialized purposes such as fitness trackers. They may incorporate special sensors such as accelerometers, heart rate monitors, or on the more advanced side, electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitors.
