ThermographieLa thermographie ou thermographie infrarouge est une technique permettant d'obtenir une image thermique d'une scène par analyse des infrarouges. L'image obtenue est appelée « thermogramme». La simple visualisation thermique, mais sans mesure de température, s'effectue au moyen d'un imageur thermique. La mesure à distance de la température s'effectue au moyen des appareils suivants : thermomètres infrarouges sans contact, appareil de mesure de température, ou, strictement, d'un « état thermique » ; caméra thermique appareil de mesure de la thermographie.
Optical coatingAn optical coating is one or more thin layers of material deposited on an optical component such as a lens, prism or mirror, which alters the way in which the optic reflects and transmits light. These coatings have become a key technology in the field of optics. One type of optical coating is an anti-reflective coating, which reduces unwanted reflections from surfaces, and is commonly used on spectacle and camera lenses. Another type is the high-reflector coating, which can be used to produce mirrors that reflect greater than 99.
Diffraction-limited systemIn optics, any optical instrument or system a microscope, telescope, or camera has a principal limit to its resolution due to the physics of diffraction. An optical instrument is said to be diffraction-limited if it has reached this limit of resolution performance. Other factors may affect an optical system's performance, such as lens imperfections or aberrations, but these are caused by errors in the manufacture or calculation of a lens, whereas the diffraction limit is the maximum resolution possible for a theoretically perfect, or ideal, optical system.
Waveguide (optics)An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum. Common types of optical waveguides include optical fiber waveguides, transparent dielectric waveguides made of plastic and glass, liquid light guides, and liquid waveguides. Optical waveguides are used as components in integrated optical circuits or as the transmission medium in local and long-haul optical communication systems.
Terahertz metamaterialA terahertz metamaterial is a class of composite metamaterials designed to interact at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The terahertz frequency range used in materials research is usually defined as 0.1 to 10 THz. This bandwidth is also known as the terahertz gap because it is noticeably underutilized. This is because terahertz waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than microwaves but lower than infrared radiation and visible light.
Diffraction de FresnelEn optique et électromagnétisme, la diffraction de Fresnel, encore nommée diffraction en champ proche ou approximation de Fresnel, est une description en champ proche du phénomène physique de diffraction qui apparaît lorsqu'une onde diffracte à travers une ouverture ou autour d'un objet. Elle s'oppose à la diffraction de Fraunhofer qui décrit le même phénomène de diffraction mais en champ lointain.
Optical networkingOptical networking is a means of communication that uses signals encoded in light to transmit information in various types of telecommunications networks. These include limited range local-area networks (LAN) or wide-area networks (WAN), which cross metropolitan and regional areas as well as long-distance national, international and transoceanic networks. It is a form of optical communication that relies on optical amplifiers, lasers or LEDs and wave division multiplexing (WDM) to transmit large quantities of data, generally across fiber-optic cables.
Indice de réfractionvignette|Image des fronts d'onde émis par une source ponctuelle mettant en évidence le phénomène de réfraction. La zone inférieure située sous la ligne grise a un plus grand indice de réfraction et donc une vitesse de propagation proportionnellement inférieure à celle de la zone supérieure (pour une raison de clarté, la réflexion partielle n'est pas montrée).
Photonic metamaterialA photonic metamaterial (PM), also known as an optical metamaterial, is a type of electromagnetic metamaterial, that interacts with light, covering terahertz (THz), infrared (IR) or visible wavelengths. The materials employ a periodic, cellular structure. The subwavelength periodicity distinguishes photonic metamaterials from photonic band gap or photonic crystal structures. The cells are on a scale that is magnitudes larger than the atom, yet much smaller than the radiated wavelength, are on the order of nanometers.
Diffusion RamanLa diffusion Raman, ou effet Raman, est un phénomène optique découvert indépendamment en 1928 par les physiciens Chandrashekhara Venkata Râman et Leonid Mandelstam. Cet effet consiste en la diffusion inélastique d'un photon, c'est-à-dire le phénomène physique par lequel un milieu peut modifier légèrement la fréquence de la lumière qui y circule. Ce décalage en fréquence correspond à un échange d'énergie entre le rayon lumineux et le milieu. Cet effet physique fut prédit par Adolf Smekal en 1923.
