Sensibilité climatiquevignette|redresse=1.5|Diagramme des facteurs qui déterminent la sensibilité du climat. L'augmentation des niveaux de entraîne un réchauffement initial. Ce réchauffement est amplifié par l'effet net des rétroactions. Parmi les rétroactions qui se renforcent d'elles-mêmes, on peut citer la fonte des glaces qui réfléchissent la lumière du soleil et l'augmentation de l'évaporation, qui accroît la quantité moyenne de vapeur d'eau dans l'atmosphère, laquelle est un gaz à effet de serre.
Analyse harmonique (mathématiques)thumb|upright=1.2|Analyseur harmonique mécanique de Lord Kelvin datant de 1878. L'analyse harmonique est la branche des mathématiques qui étudie la représentation des fonctions ou des signaux comme superposition d'ondes de base. Elle approfondit et généralise les notions de série de Fourier et de transformée de Fourier. Les ondes de base s'appellent les harmoniques, d'où le nom de la discipline.
Lightning strikeA lightning strike is a lightning event in which the electric discharge takes place between the atmosphere and the ground. Most originate in a cumulonimbus cloud and terminate on the ground, called cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning. A less common type of strike, ground-to-cloud (GC) lightning, is upward-propagating lightning initiated from a tall grounded object and reaching into the clouds. About 25% of all lightning events worldwide are strikes between the atmosphere and earth-bound objects.
Alpes suissesLes Alpes suisses sont la partie située en Suisse de la chaîne des Alpes. Elles comprennent la haute montagne du col du Petit-Saint-Bernard à l'ouest jusqu'au col de Resia à l'est. Selon la classification traditionnelle du système alpin, elles font partie des Alpes centrales. Le point culminant des Alpes suisses et de la Suisse est la pointe Dufour, à , à proximité de la frontière italo-suisse. La plus haute montagne située entièrement sur territoire suisse est le Dom des Mischabel, à .
Montagnevignette|alt=Vue oblique distante de montagnes enneigées séparant un plateau aride d'une mer de nuages.|Vue d'une partie de l'Himalaya, avec l'Everest (près du centre), et du plateau tibétain depuis la Station spatiale internationale. vignette|alt=Un sommet couvert de glace sculptée en lames de rasoir, parcouru en son milieu par une rimaye et à ses pieds par une crevasse, avec deux groupes d'alpinistes visibles en tout petit.|Vue d'alpinistes (coin inférieur droit) évoluant entre une rimaye et une crevasse sur l'Alpamayo, au Pérou.
Eastern AlpsEastern Alps is the name given to the eastern half of the Alps, usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley up to the Splügen Pass at the Alpine divide and down the Liro River to Lake Como in the south. The peaks and mountain passes are lower than the Western Alps, while the range itself is broader and less arched.
TelegraphyTelegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message. Thus flag semaphore is a method of telegraphy, whereas pigeon post is not. Ancient signalling systems, although sometimes quite extensive and sophisticated as in China, were generally not capable of transmitting arbitrary text messages. Possible messages were fixed and predetermined and such systems are thus not true telegraphs.
ConsiderationConsideration is a concept of English common law and is a necessity for simple contracts but not for special contracts (contracts by deed). The concept has been adopted by other common law jurisdictions. The court in Currie v Misa declared consideration to be a “Right, Interest, Profit, Benefit, or Forbearance, Detriment, Loss, Responsibility”. Thus, consideration is a promise of something of value given by a promissor in exchange for something of value given by a promisee; and typically the thing of value is goods, money, or an act.
Global surface temperatureIn earth science, global surface temperature (GST; sometimes referred to as global mean surface temperature, GMST, or global average surface temperature) is calculated by averaging the temperature at the surface of the sea and air temperature over land. Periods of global cooling and global warming have alternated during Earth's history. of reliable global temperature measurements began in the 1850—1880 time frame. Through 1940, the average annual temperature increased, but was relatively stable between 1940 and 1975.
Model output statisticsIn weather forecasting, model output statistics (MOS) is a multiple linear regression technique in which predictands, often near-surface quantities (such as two-meter-above-ground-level air temperature, horizontal visibility, and wind direction, speed and gusts), are related statistically to one or more predictors. The predictors are typically forecasts from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, climatic data, and, if applicable, recent surface observations.
