Motor skillA motor skill is a function that involves specific movements of the body's muscles to perform a certain task. These tasks could include walking, running, or riding a bike. In order to perform this skill, the body's nervous system, muscles, and brain have to all work together. The goal of motor skill is to optimize the ability to perform the skill at the rate of success, precision, and to reduce the energy consumption required for performance. Performance is an act of executing a motor skill or task.
Observational learningObservational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. It is a form of social learning which takes various forms, based on various processes. In humans, this form of learning seems to not need reinforcement to occur, but instead, requires a social model such as a parent, sibling, friend, or teacher with surroundings. Particularly in childhood, a model is someone of authority or higher status in an environment.
Sensory-motor couplingSensory-motor coupling is the coupling or integration of the sensory system and motor system. Sensorimotor integration is not a static process. For a given stimulus, there is no one single motor command. "Neural responses at almost every stage of a sensorimotor pathway are modified at short and long timescales by biophysical and synaptic processes, recurrent and feedback connections, and learning, as well as many other internal and external variables".
Contralateral brainThe contralateral organization of the forebrain (Latin: contra‚ against; latus‚ side; lateral‚ sided) is the property that the hemispheres of the cerebrum and the thalamus represent mainly the contralateral side of the body. Consequently, the left side of the forebrain mostly represents the right side of the body, and the right side of the brain primarily represents the left side of the body. The contralateral organization involves both executive and sensory functions (e.g., a left-sided brain lesion may cause a right-sided hemiplegia).
Guided imageryGuided imagery (also known as guided affective imagery, or katathym-imaginative psychotherapy) is a mind-body intervention by which a trained practitioner or teacher helps a participant or patient to evoke and generate s that simulate or recreate the sensory perception of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, movements, and images associated with touch, such as texture, temperature, and pressure, as well as imaginative or mental content that the participant or patient experiences as defying conventional sensory ca
Multisensory integrationMultisensory integration, also known as multimodal integration, is the study of how information from the different sensory modalities (such as sight, sound, touch, smell, self-motion, and taste) may be integrated by the nervous system. A coherent representation of objects combining modalities enables animals to have meaningful perceptual experiences. Indeed, multisensory integration is central to adaptive behavior because it allows animals to perceive a world of coherent perceptual entities.
Fine motor skillFine motor skill (or dexterity) is the coordination of small muscles in movement with the eyes, hands and fingers. The complex levels of manual dexterity that humans exhibit can be related to the nervous system. Fine motor skills aid in the growth of intelligence and develop continuously throughout the stages of human development. Motor skills are movements and actions of the bone structures. Typically, they are categorised into two groups: gross motor skills and fine motor skills.
Dystrophie musculaireLes dystrophies musculaires sont un groupe de myopathies génétiques héréditaires qui ont en commun de provoquer une faiblesse des muscles de l'organisme. La faiblesse progressive des muscles squelettiques est consécutive à un défaut quantitatif ou qualitatif de certaines protéines qui conduit à la mort des cellules et du tissu musculaires.
Formation réticuléevignette|281x281px|Formation réticulée et posture La (ou ; également, en formatio reticularis) est une structure nerveuse du tronc cérébral à l'interface des systèmes autonome, moteur et sensitif. Elle a été mise en évidence la première fois en 1949 par et . Elle intervient dans la régulation de grandes fonctions vitales (comme les cycles veille-sommeil), le contrôle d'activités motrices réflexes ou stéréotypées, comme la marche ou le tonus postural et dans des fonctions cognitives telles que l'attention.
Contraction musculaireLa contraction musculaire résulte de la contraction coordonnée de chacune des cellules du muscle. Il existe quatre phases au cours de la contraction d'une cellule musculaire « type » : l'excitation ou la stimulation qui correspond à l'arrivée du message nerveux sur la fibre musculaire ; le couplage excitation-contraction qui regroupe l'ensemble des processus permettant de transformer le signal nerveux reçu par la cellule en un signal intracellulaire vers les fibres contractiles ; la contraction proprement dite ; la relaxation qui est le retour de la cellule musculaire à l'état de repos physiologique.
