Binary classificationBinary classification is the task of classifying the elements of a set into two groups (each called class) on the basis of a classification rule. Typical binary classification problems include: Medical testing to determine if a patient has certain disease or not; Quality control in industry, deciding whether a specification has been met; In information retrieval, deciding whether a page should be in the result set of a search or not. Binary classification is dichotomization applied to a practical situation.
Exactitude et précisionvignette|Schéma de l'exactitude et la précision appliquée à des lancers de fléchettes. Dans la mesure d'un ensemble, l'exactitude est la proximité des mesures à une valeur spécifique, tandis que la précision est la proximité des mesures les unes par rapport aux autres. L'exactitude a deux définitions : Plus communément, il s'agit d'une description des erreurs systématiques, une mesure du biais statistique ; une faible précision entraîne une différence entre un résultat et une valeur « vraie ».
Classification en classes multiplesIn machine learning and statistical classification, multiclass classification or multinomial classification is the problem of classifying instances into one of three or more classes (classifying instances into one of two classes is called binary classification). While many classification algorithms (notably multinomial logistic regression) naturally permit the use of more than two classes, some are by nature binary algorithms; these can, however, be turned into multinomial classifiers by a variety of strategies.
Exploratory data analysisIn statistics, exploratory data analysis (EDA) is an approach of analyzing data sets to summarize their main characteristics, often using statistical graphics and other data visualization methods. A statistical model can be used or not, but primarily EDA is for seeing what the data can tell us beyond the formal modeling and thereby contrasts traditional hypothesis testing. Exploratory data analysis has been promoted by John Tukey since 1970 to encourage statisticians to explore the data, and possibly formulate hypotheses that could lead to new data collection and experiments.
Phi coefficientIn statistics, the phi coefficient (or mean square contingency coefficient and denoted by φ or rφ) is a measure of association for two binary variables. In machine learning, it is known as the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and used as a measure of the quality of binary (two-class) classifications, introduced by biochemist Brian W. Matthews in 1975. Introduced by Karl Pearson, and also known as the Yule phi coefficient from its introduction by Udny Yule in 1912 this measure is similar to the Pearson correlation coefficient in its interpretation.
Evaluation of binary classifiersThe evaluation of binary classifiers compares two methods of assigning a binary attribute, one of which is usually a standard method and the other is being investigated. There are many metrics that can be used to measure the performance of a classifier or predictor; different fields have different preferences for specific metrics due to different goals. For example, in medicine sensitivity and specificity are often used, while in computer science precision and recall are preferred.
Mental chronometryMental chronometry is the scientific study of processing speed or reaction time on cognitive tasks to infer the content, duration, and temporal sequencing of mental operations. Reaction time (RT; sometimes referred to as "response time") is measured by the elapsed time between stimulus onset and an individual's response on elementary cognitive tasks (ETCs), which are relatively simple perceptual-motor tasks typically administered in a laboratory setting.
Analyse factorielleL'analyse factorielle est un terme qui désigne aujourd'hui plusieurs méthodes d'analyses de grands tableaux rectangulaires de données, visant à déterminer et à hiérarchiser des facteurs corrélés aux données placées en colonnes. Au sens anglo-saxon du terme, l'analyse factorielle (factor analysis) désigne une méthode de la famille de la statistique multivariée, utilisée pour décrire un ensemble de variables observées, au moyen de variables latentes (non observées).
