Publication

Incorporating an advanced aerosol activation parameterization into WRF-CAM5: Model evaluation and parameterization intercomparison

Résumé

Aerosol activation into cloud droplets is an important process that governs aerosol indirect effects. The advanced treatment of aerosol activation by Fountoukis and Nenes (2005) and its recent updates, collectively called the FN series, have been incorporated into a newly developed regional coupled climate-air quality model based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model with the physics package of the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (WRF-CAM5) to simulate aerosol-cloud interactions in both resolved and convective clouds. The model is applied to East Asia for two full years of 2005 and 2010. A comprehensive model evaluation is performed for model predictions of meteorological, radiative, and cloud variables, chemical concentrations, and column mass abundances against satellite data and surface observations from air quality monitoring sites across East Asia. The model performs overall well for major meteorological variables including near-surface temperature, specific humidity, wind speed, precipitation, cloud fraction, precipitable water, downward shortwave and longwave radiation, and column mass abundances of CO, SO2, NO2, HCHO, and O3 in terms of both magnitudes and spatial distributions. Larger biases exist in the predictions of surface concentrations of CO and NOx at all sites and SO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations at some sites, aerosol optical depth, cloud condensation nuclei over ocean, cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), cloud liquid and ice water path, and cloud optical thickness. Compared with the default Abdul-Razzack Ghan (2000) parameterization, simulations with the FN series produce ~107-113% higher CDNC, with half of the difference attributable to the higher aerosol activation fraction by the FN series and the remaining half due to feedbacks in subsequent cloud microphysical processes. With the higher CDNC, the FN series are more skillful in simulating cloud water path, cloud optical thickness, downward shortwave radiation, shortwave cloud forcing, and precipitation. The model evaluation identifies several areas of improvements including emissions and their vertical allocation as well as model formulations such as aerosol formation, cloud droplet nucleation, and ice nucleation. © 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

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Concepts associés (39)
Cloud feedback
Cloud feedback is the coupling between cloudiness and surface air temperature where a surface air temperature change leads to a change in clouds, which could then amplify or diminish the initial temperature perturbation. Cloud feedbacks can affect the magnitude of internally generated climate variability or they can affect the magnitude of climate change resulting from external radiative forcings. Global warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds.
Noyau de condensation
thumb|Pollution atmosphérique causée par des aérosols sur le nord du sous-continent indien. Un noyau de condensation est une particule hygroscopique flottant dans la troposphère et sur laquelle la vapeur d'eau contenue dans l'air se déposera pour former une gouttelette. En effet, dans de l'air pur, où il n'y aurait aucune poussière ou ion, il faudrait atteindre une sursaturation de 500 % avant que la vapeur d'eau ne forme des gouttes à cause de la tension superficielle de l'eau à .
Physique des nuages
La physique des nuages est l’étude des processus physiques et dynamiques de formation des nuages et des précipitations qui les accompagnent. Les nuages chauds sont formés de microscopiques gouttelettes et les froids de cristaux de glace ou parfois des deux types. Leur formation est contrôlée par la disponibilité de vapeur d'eau dans l’air et des mouvements verticaux dans celui-ci. Le mouvement vertical peut être induit par une ascendance à grande échelle, comme dans le cas des dépressions synoptiques, ou à méso-échelle comme dans le cas des orages.
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SES Swiss-Energyscope
La transition énergique suisse / Energiewende in der Schweiz