Gestion des connaissancesLa gestion des connaissances (en anglais knowledge management) est une démarche managériale pluridisciplinaire qui regroupe l'ensemble des initiatives, des méthodes et des techniques permettant de percevoir, identifier, analyser, organiser, mémoriser, partager les connaissances des membres d'une organisation – les savoirs créés par l'entreprise elle-même (marketing, recherche et développement) ou acquis de l'extérieur (intelligence économique) – en vue d'atteindre un objectif fixé. Nous sommes submergés d'informations.
Declarative knowledgeDeclarative knowledge is an awareness of facts that can be expressed using declarative sentences, like knowing that Princess Diana died in 1997. It is also called theoretical knowledge, descriptive knowledge, propositional knowledge, and knowledge-that. It is not restricted to one specific use or purpose and can be stored in books or on computers. Epistemology is the main discipline studying declarative knowledge. Among other things, it studies the essential components of declarative knowledge.
Fugitive emissionFugitive emissions are leaks and other irregular releases of gases or vapors from a pressurized containment – such as appliances, storage tanks, pipelines, wells, or other pieces of equipment – mostly from industrial activities. In addition to the economic cost of lost commodities, fugitive emissions contribute to local air pollution and may cause further environmental harm. Common industrial gases include refrigerants and natural gas, while less common examples are perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride.
Enjeux du réchauffement climatiqueCet article examine les enjeux du réchauffement climatique. En 1824, le physicien français Joseph Fourier découvre le phénomène de l'effet de serre et son effet sur le bilan thermique de la Terre. En 1896, Svante Arrhenius publie un article décrivant le phénomène, et proposant une prédiction de l'élévation de la température atmosphérique en cas de doublement de la concentration en . Dans les années 1980, cette question refait surface à l'échelle mondiale, avec la création du GIEC en 1988.
UncertaintyUncertainty refers to epistemic situations involving imperfect or unknown information. It applies to predictions of future events, to physical measurements that are already made, or to the unknown. Uncertainty arises in partially observable or stochastic environments, as well as due to ignorance, indolence, or both. It arises in any number of fields, including insurance, philosophy, physics, statistics, economics, finance, medicine, psychology, sociology, engineering, metrology, meteorology, ecology and information science.
Methane emissionsIncreasing methane emissions are a major contributor to the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, and are responsible for up to one-third of near-term global heating. During 2019, about 60% (360 million tons) of methane released globally was from human activities, while natural sources contributed about 40% (230 million tons). Reducing methane emissions by capturing and utilizing the gas can produce simultaneous environmental and economic benefits.
Licence libreUne licence libre est une licence s'appliquant à une œuvre de l'esprit par laquelle l'auteur concède tous les droits ou une partie des droits que lui confère le droit d'auteur, en laissant au minimum quatre droits considérés fondamentaux aux utilisateurs : usage de l'œuvre ; étude de l'œuvre pour en comprendre le fonctionnement ou l'adapter à ses besoins ; modification (amélioration, extension et transformation) ou incorporation de l'œuvre en une œuvre dérivée ; redistribution de l'œuvre, c'est-à-dire sa di
Composé organique volatilvignette|redresse=1.5|Les brumes gris bleuté au-dessus des zones ensoleillées riches en formations végétales, résultent de l'émission de COV par les feuilles des plantes, notamment celles des arbres. Elles ont deux rôles : effet de rafraîchissement (consommation de chaleur latente relative à la volatilisation des gouttelettes) par temps chaud et effet photoprotecteur (filtration des ultra-violets). Les composés organiques volatils, ou COV sont des composés organiques pouvant facilement se trouver sous forme gazeuse dans l'atmosphère terrestre.
Knowledge marketA knowledge market is a mechanism for distributing knowledge resources. There are two views on knowledge and how knowledge markets can function. One view uses a legal construct of intellectual property to make knowledge a typical scarce resource, so the traditional commodity market mechanism can be applied directly to distribute it. An alternative model is based on treating knowledge as a public good and hence encouraging free sharing of knowledge. This is often referred to as attention economy.
Definitions of knowledgeDefinitions of knowledge try to determine the essential features of knowledge. Closely related terms are conception of knowledge, theory of knowledge, and analysis of knowledge. Some general features of knowledge are widely accepted among philosophers, for example, that it constitutes a cognitive success or an epistemic contact with reality and that propositional knowledge involves true belief. Most definitions of knowledge in analytic philosophy focus on propositional knowledge or knowledge-that, as in knowing that Dave is at home, in contrast to knowledge-how (know-how) expressing practical competence.
