Thalamocortical radiationsIn neuroanatomy, thalamocortical radiations also known as thalamocortical fibres, are the efferent fibres that project from the thalamus to distinct areas of the cerebral cortex. They form fibre bundles that emerge from the lateral surface of the thalamus. Thalamocortical fibers (TC fibres) have been referred to as one of the two constituents of the isothalamus, the other being microneurons. Thalamocortical fibers have a bush or tree-like appearance as they extend into the internal capsule and project to the layers of the cortex.
Sillon latéralLe sillon latéral ou sulcus lateralis, anciennement scissure de Sylvius, est un sillon parcourant la surface latérale du cerveau. Démarrant de la face inférieure du cerveau, ce sillon se dirige vers le haut et l'arrière sur chaque hémisphère cérébral. C'est un sillon très profond et très large, facile à repérer. Le sillon latéral est un bon repère anatomique pour trouver le lobe insulaire (5e lobe du cerveau avec le lobe frontal, le lobe pariétal, le lobe temporal et le lobe occipital) qui se trouve au fond de celle-ci.
Traumatisme crânienLa notion de traumatisme crânien, ou traumatisme cranio-cérébral (TCC), couvre les traumatismes du neurocrâne (partie haute du crâne contenant le cerveau) et du cerveau. Les manifestations cliniques dépendent de l'importance de l'impact et des facteurs associés (âge, pathologies préexistantes autres, traumatismes associés). Par la situation anatomique de la tête, le traumatisme crânien est souvent associé à des traumatismes du rachis cervical (entorses, luxations, fractures), du visage (contusions, plaies, fractures maxillo-faciales) et oculaires.
Post-traumatic epilepsyPost-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of acquired epilepsy that results from brain damage caused by physical trauma to the brain (traumatic brain injury, abbreviated TBI). A person with PTE experiences repeated post-traumatic seizures (PTS, seizures that result from TBI) more than a week after the initial injury. PTE is estimated to constitute 5% of all cases of epilepsy and over 20% of cases of acquired epilepsy (in which seizures are caused by an identifiable organic brain condition).
CrossmodalCrossmodal perception or cross-modal perception is perception that involves interactions between two or more different sensory modalities. Examples include synesthesia, sensory substitution and the McGurk effect, in which vision and hearing interact in speech perception. Crossmodal perception, crossmodal integration and cross modal plasticity of the human brain are increasingly studied in neuroscience to gain a better understanding of the large-scale and long-term properties of the brain.
Cortex entorhinalthumb|upright=1.60|Localisation du cortex entorhinal (en bas de l'image). Le cortex entorhinal est une zone du cerveau, impliquée dans les mécanismes de l'olfaction et de la mémoire. Dans le lobe temporal médian (voire lobe temporal), le long de la scissure rhinale, on peut trouver deux régions corticales importantes, située en dessous de l’hippocampe. Il s’agit du cortex rhinal et du cortex parahippocampique. Le cortex rhinal est lui-même composé de deux sous-régions appelées : cortex entorhinal (aire 28 de Brodmann) et cortex périrhinal.
Epilepsy surgeryEpilepsy surgery involves a neurosurgical procedure where an area of the brain involved in seizures is either resected, ablated, disconnected or stimulated. The goal is to eliminate seizures or significantly reduce seizure burden. Approximately 60% of all people with epilepsy (0.4% of the population of industrialized countries) have focal epilepsy syndromes. In 15% to 20% of these patients, the condition is not adequately controlled with anticonvulsive drugs. Such patients are potential candidates for surgical epilepsy treatment.
Mort cérébraleLa (appelée également ou coma de ) est définie comme l'état d'absence totale et définitive d'activité cérébrale chez un patient, y compris les fonctions involontaires nécessaires à la vie (les systèmes végétatifs contrôlant le rythme cardiaque ou la respiration). Cela diffère d'un état végétatif permanent, où le patient est vivant et conserve ses fonctions autonomiques bien qu'incapable d'interagir avec son environnement.
Microelectrode arrayMicroelectrode arrays (MEAs) (also referred to as multielectrode arrays) are devices that contain multiple (tens to thousands) microelectrodes through which neural signals are obtained or delivered, essentially serving as neural interfaces that connect neurons to electronic circuitry. There are two general classes of MEAs: implantable MEAs, used in vivo, and non-implantable MEAs, used in vitro. Neurons and muscle cells create ion currents through their membranes when excited, causing a change in voltage between the inside and the outside of the cell.
Ventromedial prefrontal cortexThe ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a part of the prefrontal cortex in the mammalian brain. The ventral medial prefrontal is located in the frontal lobe at the bottom of the cerebral hemispheres and is implicated in the processing of risk and fear, as it is critical in the regulation of amygdala activity in humans. It also plays a role in the inhibition of emotional responses, and in the process of decision-making and self-control. It is also involved in the cognitive evaluation of morality.
