Carbone inorganique totalLe carbone inorganique total (CT, acronyme TIC pour Total Inorganic Carbon ou DIC pour Dissolved Inorganic Carbon) est la somme des espèces de carbone inorganique dans une solution. Elles incluent le dioxyde de carbone, l'acide carbonique, les anions bicarbonate et carbonate. Le dioxyde de carbone et l'acide carbonique sont en général regroupés sous le terme CO2* car il est difficile en pratique de les séparer. CT est un paramètre important lors de la mesure du pH de systèmes aquatiques naturels (notamment les océans), et pour l'estimation des flux de dioxyde de carbone.
Ecosystem modelAn ecosystem model is an abstract, usually mathematical, representation of an ecological system (ranging in scale from an individual population, to an ecological community, or even an entire biome), which is studied to better understand the real system. Using data gathered from the field, ecological relationships—such as the relation of sunlight and water availability to photosynthetic rate, or that between predator and prey populations—are derived, and these are combined to form ecosystem models.
Marine primary productionMarine primary production is the chemical synthesis in the ocean of organic compounds from atmospheric or dissolved carbon dioxide. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy. Almost all life on Earth relies directly or indirectly on primary production. The organisms responsible for primary production are called primary producers or autotrophs.
Dioxyde de carboneLe dioxyde de carbone, aussi appelé gaz carbonique ou anhydride carbonique, est un composé inorganique dont la formule chimique est , la molécule ayant une structure linéaire de la forme O=C=O. Il se présente, sous les conditions normales de température et de pression, comme un gaz incolore, inodore, à la saveur piquante. Le est utilisé par l'anabolisme des végétaux pour produire de la biomasse à travers la photosynthèse, processus qui consiste à réduire le dioxyde de carbone par l'eau, grâce à l'énergie lumineuse reçue du Soleil et captée par la chlorophylle, en libérant de l'oxygène pour produire des oses, et en premier lieu du glucose par le cycle de Calvin.
Particulate organic matterParticulate organic matter (POM) is a fraction of total organic matter operationally defined as that which does not pass through a filter pore size that typically ranges in size from 0.053 millimeters (53 μm) to 2 millimeters. Particulate organic carbon (POC) is a closely related term often used interchangeably with POM. POC refers specifically to the mass of carbon in the particulate organic material, while POM refers to the total mass of the particulate organic matter.
Matière organiquevignette|Le bois est essentiellement composé de matière organique (lignine et cellulose principalement), très dense en carbone. La matière organique (parfois abrégée MO) est la matière fabriquée par les êtres vivants (végétaux, animaux, champignons et autres décomposeurs dont micro-organismes). La matière organique compose leurs tissus (tige, coquille, muscles, etc). Elle compose la biomasse vivante et morte (nécromasse) au sein d'un cycle décomposition/biosynthèse où une part de cette matière est fossilisée (charbon, pétrole, gaz naturel), minéralisée ou recyclée dans les écosystèmes et agro-écosystèmes.
Total inorganic carbonTotal inorganic carbon (CT or TIC) is the sum of the inorganic carbon species. Carbon compounds can be distinguished as either organic or inorganic, and dissolved or particulate, depending on their composition. Organic carbon forms the backbone of key components of organic compounds such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Inorganic carbon is found primarily in simple compounds such as carbon dioxide (), carbonic acid (), bicarbonate (), and carbonate ().
Biodiversité marineLa biodiversité marine est l'ensemble de la diversité biologique propre aux océans ou en dépendant très directement. Elle est en forte régression (du point de vue de la richesse trophique notamment) depuis plus de , incontestablement du fait des activités humaines et en particulier du fait de la surpêche et de la pollution et artificialisation des fleuves, estuaires, ports et zones côtières. thumb|left|Animaux marins.
Particulate inorganic carbonParticulate inorganic carbon (PIC) can be contrasted with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the other form of inorganic carbon found in the ocean. These distinctions are important in chemical oceanography. Particulate inorganic carbon is sometimes called suspended inorganic carbon. In operational terms, it is defined as the inorganic carbon in particulate form that is too large to pass through the filter used to separate dissolved inorganic carbon. Most PIC is calcium carbonate, CaCO3, particularly in the form of calcite, but also in the form of aragonite.
Marine protistsMarine protists are defined by their habitat as protists that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Life originated as marine single-celled prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and later evolved into more complex eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are the more developed life forms known as plants, animals, fungi and protists. Protists are the eukaryotes that cannot be classified as plants, fungi or animals. They are mostly single-celled and microscopic.
