Hybrid solar cellHybrid solar cells combine advantages of both organic and inorganic semiconductors. Hybrid photovoltaics have organic materials that consist of conjugated polymers that absorb light as the donor and transport holes. Inorganic materials in hybrid cells are used as the acceptor and electron transporter in the structure. The hybrid photovoltaic devices have a potential for not only low-cost by roll-to-roll processing but also for scalable solar power conversion. Solar cells are devices that convert sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
Timeline of solar cellsIn the 19th century, it was observed that the sunlight striking certain materials generates detectable electric current – the photoelectric effect. This discovery laid the foundation for solar cells. Solar cells have gone on to be used in many applications. They have historically been used in situations where electrical power from the grid was unavailable. As the invention was brought out it made solar cells as a prominent utilization for power generation for satellites.
Oxyde d'indium-étainL'oxyde d'indium-étain (ITO, pour l'anglais indium tin oxide), ou oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain, est un mélange d'oxyde d'indium(III) et d'oxyde d'étain (IV) SnO, dans la proportion massique typique de 90 % du premier et 10 % du second. Ce composé est incolore et transparent en couches minces, de jaunâtre à gris sous forme massique. La caractéristique principale de l'oxyde d'indium-étain est sa combinaison de conductivité électrique et de transparence optique.
Panneau solaireLe terme « panneau solaire » peut faire référence à plusieurs concepts liés à l'énergie solaire : capteur solaire photovoltaïque : aussi appelé panneau solaire photovoltaïque, convertit le rayonnement solaire en électricité par effet photovoltaïque ; capteur solaire thermique : aussi appelé panneaux solaire thermique, convertit le rayonnement solaire en chaleur et la transfère à un fluide caloporteur ; panneau photovoltaïque thermique : combinaison des deux précédents ; panneau solaire aérothermique : métho
Transparent conducting filmTransparent conducting films (TCFs) are thin films of optically transparent and electrically conductive material. They are an important component in a number of electronic devices including liquid-crystal displays, OLEDs, touchscreens and photovoltaics. While indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most widely used, alternatives include wider-spectrum transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), conductive polymers, metal grids and random metallic networks, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, nanowire meshes and ultra thin metal films.
Quantum dot solar cellA quantum dot solar cell (QDSC) is a solar cell design that uses quantum dots as the captivating photovoltaic material. It attempts to replace bulk materials such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe). Quantum dots have bandgaps that are adjustable across a wide range of energy levels by changing their size. In bulk materials, the bandgap is fixed by the choice of material(s).
Electrical resistivity and conductivityElectrical resistivity (also called volume resistivity or specific electrical resistance) is a fundamental specific property of a material that measures its electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows electric current. Resistivity is commonly represented by the Greek letter ρ (rho). The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m).
Panne de courantthumb|Court-circuit d'une ligne électrique à Troy, Illinois. Une panne de courant est la suspension de la distribution du courant électrique dans une région attribuée. Ceci peut provenir d'un défaut dans une centrale électrique, de l'équipement de distribution endommagé (par exemple, par une tempête de neige ou de pluie verglaçante), un court-circuit ou une surcharge du système. Le terme « blackout » est également utilisé lorsque la panne concerne un grand nombre de clients.
Cadmium telluride photovoltaicsCadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaics is a photovoltaic (PV) technology based on the use of cadmium telluride in a thin semiconductor layer designed to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity. Cadmium telluride PV is the only thin film technology with lower costs than conventional solar cells made of crystalline silicon in multi-kilowatt systems. On a lifecycle basis, CdTe PV has the smallest carbon footprint, lowest water use and shortest energy payback time of any current photovoltaic technology.
Electrical resistance and conductanceThe electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the flow of electric current. Its reciprocal quantity is , measuring the ease with which an electric current passes. Electrical resistance shares some conceptual parallels with mechanical friction. The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω), while electrical conductance is measured in siemens (S) (formerly called the 'mho' and then represented by ℧). The resistance of an object depends in large part on the material it is made of.
