Conception de médicamentLa conception de médicament, plus précisément conception de substance pharmacologiquement active plus connue sous sa dénomination anglaise Drug design est l'ensemble des processus nécessaires à l'élaboration d'un médicament. Dans l'industrie pharmaceutique, ces processus peuvent-être subdivisés et répartis en quatre phases ou étapes : La phase de recherche La phase de développement La phase clinique La phase de mise sur le marché Remarque : Les phases de recherche et développement sont communément dénommées R&D.
Criblage à haut débitthumb|Machine de criblage à haut débit en Allemagne Le criblage à haut débit (high-throughput screening, HTS) désigne dans le domaine de la pharmacologie, de la biochimie, de la génomique et de la protéomique, les techniques visant à étudier et à identifier dans les chimiothèques et ciblothèques, des molécules aux propriétés nouvelles, biologiquement actives. L’expression haut débit évoque ici l’utilisation de la robotique, de l’informatique et de la bio-informatique pour accélérer la phase de test des molécules, protéines, catalyseurs, etc.
Drug discoveryIn the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin. More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that had a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology.
High-content screeningHigh-content screening (HCS), also known as high-content analysis (HCA) or cellomics, is a method that is used in biological research and drug discovery to identify substances such as small molecules, peptides, or RNAi that alter the phenotype of a cell in a desired manner. Hence high content screening is a type of phenotypic screen conducted in cells involving the analysis of whole cells or components of cells with simultaneous readout of several parameters.
Classical pharmacologyIn the field of drug discovery, classical pharmacology, also known as forward pharmacology, or phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), relies on phenotypic screening (screening in intact cells or whole organisms) of chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect. Using the techniques of medicinal chemistry, the potency, selectivity, and other properties of these screening hits are optimized to produce candidate drugs.
Reverse pharmacologyIn the field of drug discovery, reverse pharmacology also known as target-based drug discovery (TDD), a hypothesis is first made that modulation of the activity of a specific protein target thought to be disease modifying will have beneficial therapeutic effects. Screening of chemical libraries of small molecules is then used to identify compounds that bind with high affinity to the target. The hits from these screens are then used as starting points for drug discovery.
Virtual screeningVirtual screening (VS) is a computational technique used in drug discovery to search libraries of small molecules in order to identify those structures which are most likely to bind to a drug target, typically a protein receptor or enzyme. Virtual screening has been defined as "automatically evaluating very large libraries of compounds" using computer programs. As this definition suggests, VS has largely been a numbers game focusing on how the enormous chemical space of over 1060 conceivable compounds can be filtered to a manageable number that can be synthesized, purchased, and tested.
ChimioprotéomiqueLa chimioprotéomique (chimio, racine française) ou chemoprotéomique (chemo, racine latine ; provenant du mot anglais chemoproteomics) ou protéomique chimique peut être définie comme la science ayant pour objet l'étude de la réponse d'un protéome à un composé chimique. Elle est une sous-discipline de la biologie chimique, qui utilise les techniques de protéomique et en particulier le séquençage des protéines par spectrométrie de masse pour étudier les interactions d'une molécule avec les protéines contenues dans un échantillon biologique.
Phenotypic screeningPhenotypic screening is a type of screening used in biological research and drug discovery to identify substances such as small molecules, peptides, or RNAi that alter the phenotype of a cell or an organism in a desired manner. Phenotypic screening must be followed up with identification (sometimes referred to as target deconvolution) and validation, often through the use of chemoproteomics, to identify the mechanisms through which a phenotypic hit works. Phenotypic screening historically has been the basis for the discovery of new drugs.
AntiviralUn antiviral est une molécule perturbant le cycle de réplication d'un ou de plusieurs virus, permettant ainsi de ralentir mais rarement d'arrêter une infection virale. Avec les vaccins et la prévention, ils constituent le seul moyen connu pour lutter contre les infections d'origines virales. Les antiviraux sont efficaces pour lutter contre les virus en attendant la mise au point d'un vaccin, qui est la seule manière connue d'éradiquer un virus à long terme, comme l'ont montré les différentes campagnes d'éradication de la poliomyélite et surtout de la variole.
