Peaking power plantPeaking power plants, also known as peaker plants, and occasionally just "peakers", are power plants that generally run only when there is a high demand, known as peak demand, for electricity. Because they supply power only occasionally, the power supplied commands a much higher price per kilowatt hour than base load power. Peak load power plants are dispatched in combination with base load power plants, which supply a dependable and consistent amount of electricity, to meet the minimum demand.
Suivi de chargeLe suivi de charge est, dans le domaine de la production d'électricité, la pratique qui consiste à faire varier la puissance de fonctionnement d'une centrale de façon à l'adapter aux variations de la demande des consommateurs : la centrale « suit » la charge, c'est-à-dire l'appel de puissance causé par la demande. Les centrales qui ont la capacité d'effectuer des suivis de charge sont dites pilotables, c'est-à-dire modulables ou dispatchables. Le centre de contrôle qui pilote ces centrales pour réaliser l'ajustement offre-demande d'électricité est appelé dispatching.
Causal reasoningCausal reasoning is the process of identifying causality: the relationship between a cause and its effect. The study of causality extends from ancient philosophy to contemporary neuropsychology; assumptions about the nature of causality may be shown to be functions of a previous event preceding a later one. The first known protoscientific study of cause and effect occurred in Aristotle's Physics. Causal inference is an example of causal reasoning. Causal relationships may be understood as a transfer of force.
Particules en suspensionLes particules en suspension sont toutes les particules (solides ou en aérosols) portées par l'eau ou par l'air, quantifiables par filtration ou par d'autres procédés physiques. Les matières particulaires ou PM (acronyme de particulate matter en anglais) sont les particules en suspension dans l'atmosphère terrestre (aérosols atmosphériques). Un taux élevé de particules fines et ultrafines dans l'air est un facteur de risque sanitaire (maladies cardiovasculaires, altération des fonctions pulmonaires, cancer du poumon), induisant une nette diminution de l'espérance de vie.
Coal phase-outCoal phase-out is an environmental policy intended to stop using the combustion of coal in coal-burning power plants, and is part of fossil fuel phase-out. Coal is the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel, therefore phasing it out is critical to limiting climate change and keeping global warming to 1.5 °C as laid out in the Paris Climate Agreement. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that coal is responsible for over 30% of the global average temperature increase above pre-industrial levels.
Gas-fired power plantA gas-fired power plant (sometimes referred to as "gas-fired power station" or "natural gas power plant") is a thermal power station that burns natural gas to generate electricity. Gas-fired power plants generate almost a quarter of world electricity and are significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions. However, they can provide seasonal, dispatchable energy generation to compensate for variable renewable energy deficits, where hydropower or interconnectors are not available.
Coal in AustraliaCoal is mined in every state of Australia. The largest black coal resources occur in Queensland and New South Wales. About 70% of coal mined in Australia is exported, mostly to eastern Asia, and of the balance most is used in electricity generation. In 2019-20 Australia exported 390 Mt of coal (177 Mt metallurgical coal and 213 Mt thermal coal) and was the world's largest exporter of metallurgical coal and second largest exporter of thermal coal. Coal mining in Australia has been criticized, due to carbon dioxide emissions during combustion.
Liquéfaction du charbonLa liquéfaction du charbon désigne les procédés physico-chimiques qui permettent d'obtenir des hydrocarbures liquides à partir de charbon. Ces procédés, connus depuis le début du , connaissent au début du un regain d'intérêt en raison de la différence de prix croissante entre le charbon et le pétrole. On utilise alors plus fréquemment l'abréviation CTL, soit en anglais Coal to Liquids. Le mélange d'hydrocarbures obtenus peut être aisément raffiné pour fournir des carburants.
Coal pollution mitigationCoal pollution mitigation, sometimes called clean coal, is a series of systems and technologies that seek to mitigate the health and environmental impact of coal; in particular air pollution from coal-fired power stations, and from coal burnt by heavy industry. The primary focus is on sulfur dioxide () and nitrogen oxides (), the most important gases which caused acid rain; and particulates which cause visible air pollution, illness and premature deaths. can be removed by flue-gas desulfurization and by selective catalytic reduction (SCR).
Health and environmental impact of the coal industryThe health and environmental impact of the coal industry includes issues such as land use, waste management, water and air pollution, caused by the coal mining, processing and the use of its products. In addition to atmospheric pollution, coal burning produces hundreds of millions of tons of solid waste products annually, including fly ash, bottom ash, and flue-gas desulfurization sludge, that contain mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, and other heavy metals.
