NURBSLes B-splines rationnelles non uniformes, plus communément désignées par leur acronyme anglais NURBS (pour Non-Uniform Rational Basis Splines), correspondent à une généralisation des B-splines car ces fonctions sont définies avec des points en coordonnées homogènes. Le principal intérêt de ces courbes NURBS est qu'elles parviennent même à ajuster des courbes qui ne peuvent pas être représentées par des B-splines uniformes.
Mesh generationMesh generation is the practice of creating a mesh, a subdivision of a continuous geometric space into discrete geometric and topological cells. Often these cells form a simplicial complex. Usually the cells partition the geometric input domain. Mesh cells are used as discrete local approximations of the larger domain. Meshes are created by computer algorithms, often with human guidance through a GUI , depending on the complexity of the domain and the type of mesh desired.
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equationsNumerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Their use is also known as "numerical integration", although this term can also refer to the computation of integrals. Many differential equations cannot be solved exactly. For practical purposes, however – such as in engineering – a numeric approximation to the solution is often sufficient. The algorithms studied here can be used to compute such an approximation.
Calcul formelLe calcul formel, ou parfois calcul symbolique, est le domaine des mathématiques et de l’informatique qui s’intéresse aux algorithmes opérant sur des objets de nature mathématique par le biais de représentations finies et exactes. Ainsi, un nombre entier est représenté de manière finie et exacte par la suite des chiffres de son écriture en base 2. Étant donné les représentations de deux nombres entiers, le calcul formel se pose par exemple la question de calculer celle de leur produit.
Solid modelingSolid modeling (or solid modelling) is a consistent set of principles for mathematical and computer modeling of three-dimensional shapes (solids). Solid modeling is distinguished within the broader related areas of geometric modeling and computer graphics, such as 3D modeling, by its emphasis on physical fidelity. Together, the principles of geometric and solid modeling form the foundation of 3D-computer-aided design and in general support the creation, exchange, visualization, animation, interrogation, and annotation of digital models of physical objects.
Géométrie complexeIn mathematics, complex geometry is the study of geometric structures and constructions arising out of, or described by, the complex numbers. In particular, complex geometry is concerned with the study of spaces such as complex manifolds and complex algebraic varieties, functions of several complex variables, and holomorphic constructions such as holomorphic vector bundles and coherent sheaves. Application of transcendental methods to algebraic geometry falls in this category, together with more geometric aspects of complex analysis.
Surface (topology)In the part of mathematics referred to as topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.
Geometric modeling kernelA geometric modeling kernel is a solid modeling software component used in computer-aided design (CAD) packages. Available modelling kernels include: ACIS is developed and licensed by Spatial Corporation of Dassault Systèmes. SMLib is developed by Solid Modeling Solutions. Convergence Geometric Modeler is developed by Dassault Systèmes. Parasolid is developed and licensed by Siemens. Romulus was a predecessor to Parasolid. ShapeManager is developed by Autodesk and was forked from ACIS in 2001.
Delaunay refinementIn mesh generation, Delaunay refinements are algorithms for mesh generation based on the principle of adding Steiner points to the geometry of an input to be meshed, in a way that causes the Delaunay triangulation or constrained Delaunay triangulation of the augmented input to meet the quality requirements of the meshing application. Delaunay refinement methods include methods by Chew and by Ruppert. Chew's second algorithm takes a piecewise linear system (PLS) and returns a constrained Delaunay triangulation of only quality triangles where quality is defined by the minimum angle in a triangle.
Figures géométriques arabesLes figures (ou motifs) géométriques constituent un motif ornemental récurrent de l'art mauresque (et plus particulièrement de la décoration des maisons de style maure). Les frises sont composées de merlons échelonnés en ligne horizontale. Les pannonceaux de mosaïque répètent en rythme un ou deux motifs principaux, qui s'imbriquent en alternance. Les alicatados, terme castillan, désignent des ensembles décoratifs de céramique vitrifiée qui sont appliqués sur les façades intérieures des palais.
