Hypertension artérielleL’hypertension artérielle (HTA) persistante est une pathologie cardiovasculaire définie par une pression artérielle trop élevée. Souvent multifactorielle, l'HTA peut être aiguë ou chronique, avec ou sans signes de gravité. On parle communément d'hypertension artérielle pour une pression artérielle systolique supérieure à et une pression artérielle diastolique supérieure à . La pression artérielle doit être mesurée plus d'une fois, en position assise ou allongée, après de repos.
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictionHypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), also known as the Euler-Liljestrand mechanism, is a physiological phenomenon in which small pulmonary arteries constrict in the presence of alveolar hypoxia (low oxygen levels). By redirecting blood flow from poorly-ventilated lung regions to well-ventilated lung regions, HPV is thought to be the primary mechanism underlying ventilation/perfusion matching. The process might initially seem counterintuitive, as low oxygen levels might theoretically stimulate increased blood flow to the lungs to increase gas exchange.
HypoxémieL'hypoxémie est la diminution de la quantité d'oxygène transportée dans le sang. La pression partielle en diminue (synonyme généralement d'un mauvais échange entre les alvéoles pulmonaires et les capillaires sanguins). On parle d'hypoxémie lorsque la pression partielle d' chute en dessous de Pa < . Une hypoxémie peut notamment conduire à une hypoxie ou à une tachycardie. Gilles Bouvenot, Pathologie médicale : pneumologie, néphrologie, cancérologie, nutrition, Masson, Paris, 1994, Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauch
Pulmonary insufficiencyPulmonary (or pulmonic) insufficiency (or incompetence, or regurgitation) is a condition in which the pulmonary valve is incompetent and allows backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle of the heart during diastole. While a small amount of backflow may occur ordinarily, it is usually only shown on an echocardiogram and is harmless. More pronounced regurgitation that is noticed through a routine physical examination is a medical sign of disease and warrants further investigation.
Framingham Risk ScoreThe Framingham Risk Score is a sex-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual. The Framingham Risk Score was first developed based on data obtained from the Framingham Heart Study, to estimate the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease. In order to assess the 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, cerebrovascular events, peripheral artery disease and heart failure were subsequently added as disease outcomes for the 2008 Framingham Risk Score, on top of coronary heart disease.
Contusion pulmonaireA pulmonary contusion, also known as lung contusion, is a bruise of the lung, caused by chest trauma. As a result of damage to capillaries, blood and other fluids accumulate in the lung tissue. The excess fluid interferes with gas exchange, potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels (hypoxia). Unlike pulmonary laceration, another type of lung injury, pulmonary contusion does not involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue. A pulmonary contusion is usually caused directly by blunt trauma but can also result from explosion injuries or a shock wave associated with penetrating trauma.
