Grappe de serveursOn parle de grappe de serveurs, de cluster, de groupement de serveurs ou de ferme de calcul (computer cluster en anglais) pour désigner des techniques consistant à regrouper plusieurs ordinateurs indépendants appelés nœuds (node en anglais), afin de permettre une gestion globale et de dépasser les limitations d'un ordinateur pour : augmenter la disponibilité ; faciliter la montée en charge ; permettre une répartition de la charge ; faciliter la gestion des ressources (processeur, mémoire vive, disques durs,
Manycore processorManycore processors are special kinds of multi-core processors designed for a high degree of parallel processing, containing numerous simpler, independent processor cores (from a few tens of cores to thousands or more). Manycore processors are used extensively in embedded computers and high-performance computing. Manycore processors are distinct from multi-core processors in being optimized from the outset for a higher degree of explicit parallelism, and for higher throughput (or lower power consumption) at the expense of latency and lower single-thread performance.
Calcul hétérogèneHeterogeneous computing refers to systems that use more than one kind of processor or core. These systems gain performance or energy efficiency not just by adding the same type of processors, but by adding dissimilar coprocessors, usually incorporating specialized processing capabilities to handle particular tasks. Usually heterogeneity in the context of computing referred to different instruction-set architectures (ISA), where the main processor has one and other processors have another - usually a very different - architecture (maybe more than one), not just a different microarchitecture (floating point number processing is a special case of this - not usually referred to as heterogeneous).
Heterogeneous System ArchitectureHeterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) is a cross-vendor set of specifications that allow for the integration of central processing units and graphics processors on the same bus, with shared memory and tasks. The HSA is being developed by the HSA Foundation, which includes (among many others) AMD and ARM. The platform's stated aim is to reduce communication latency between CPUs, GPUs and other compute devices, and make these various devices more compatible from a programmer's perspective, relieving the programmer of the task of planning the moving of data between devices' disjoint memories (as must currently be done with OpenCL or CUDA).
Microprocesseur multi-cœurvignette|Un processeur quad-core AMD Opteron. vignette|L’Intel Core 2 Duo E6300 est un processeur double cœur. Un microprocesseur multi-cœur (multi-core en anglais) est un microprocesseur possédant plusieurs cœurs physiques fonctionnant simultanément. Il se distingue d'architectures plus anciennes (360/91) où un processeur unique commandait plusieurs circuits de calcul simultanés. Un cœur (en anglais, core) est un ensemble de circuits capables d’exécuter des programmes de façon autonome.
Intel CoreIntel Core is a line of streamlined midrange consumer, workstation and enthusiast computer central processing units (CPUs) marketed by Intel Corporation. These processors displaced the existing mid- to high-end Pentium processors at the time of their introduction, moving the Pentium to the entry level. Identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server and workstation markets. The lineup of Core processors includes the Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7, and Intel Core i9, along with the X-series of Intel Core CPUs.
Apple SiliconLes processeurs Apple Silicon sont des processeurs SoC et SiP conçus par Apple et utilisant principalement l'architecture ARM. Ils sont la base des appareils iPhone, iPad et Apple Watch ainsi que de produits tels que le HomePod, l'iPod touch et l'Apple TV. Un SoC est également conçu pour sa gamme d'écouteurs sans fil AirPods appelé Apple H1. Le , la firme américaine annonce son intention de faire la transition des Macintosh vers ARM et de se passer à terme des processeurs Intel.
RyzenRyzen désigne le nom d'une famille de microprocesseurs de la marque AMD, implémentant la microarchitecture Zen. Les premiers produits Ryzen ont été annoncés le , lors du sommet New Horizon. Ils fonctionnent sur les socket AM4 (sur cartes mères à chipsets B350/B450/B550 et X370/X470/X570), (pour les cartes mères à chipsets B650E/B650/X670) et TR4/sTRX4 (pour la gamme Threadripper sur cartes mères à chipsets X399). Certains utilisateurs ont relevé un bug du scheduler de Windows 10, qui amoindrissait les performances de Zen et devrait être corrigé en .
Power managementPower management is a feature of some electrical appliances, especially copiers, computers, computer CPUs, computer GPUs and computer peripherals such as monitors and printers, that turns off the power or switches the system to a low-power state when inactive. In computing this is known as PC power management and is built around a standard called ACPI, this supersedes APM. All recent computers have ACPI support.
Reconfigurable computingReconfigurable computing is a computer architecture combining some of the flexibility of software with the high performance of hardware by processing with very flexible high speed computing fabrics like field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The principal difference when compared to using ordinary microprocessors is the ability to make substantial changes to the datapath itself in addition to the control flow. On the other hand, the main difference from custom hardware, i.e.
