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There is an ongoing surge of interest in the use of formamidinium (FA) lead iodide perovskites in photovoltaics due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, thermodynamic instability of the desired cubic perovskite (α-FAPbI3) phase at ambient conditions leads to the formation of a yellow non-perovskite (δ-FAPbI3) phase that compromises its utility. A stable α-FAPbI3 perovskite phase is achieved by employing benzylammonium iodide (BzI) and the microscopic structure is elucidated by using solid-state NMR spectroscopy and X-ray scattering measurements. Perovskite solar cells based on the FAPbI3(BzI)0.25 composition achieve power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20%, which is accompanied by enhanced shelf-life and operational stability, maintaining 80% of the performance after one year at ambient conditions.
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Ulf Anders Hagfeldt, Tor Jesper Jacobsson
Seckin Akin, Giovanni Dietler, David Lyndon Emsley, Michael Graetzel, Ulf Anders Hagfeldt, Dominik Józef Kubicki, Jingshan Luo, Daniel Prochowicz, Wolfgang Richard Tress, Zaiwei Wang, Wanchun Xiang, Jiangtao Zhou