Publication

Electronic Skins for Healthcare Monitoring and Smart Prostheses

Résumé

The human skin is a unique organ that embeds multiple functions that no artificial systems can currently replicate. Advances in materials science and engineering are driving the design of electronic skins-large-area sensor arrays that mimic some sensory modalities and have the soft, elastic form of natural skin. Here, we focus on electronic skins designed to be worn on the human body for healthcare monitoring or prosthetic applications. The primary sensing modalities are mechanical, thermal, and electrophysiological. We review key materials and associated designs needed to manufacture electronic devices that can conform to the human body and move along with it. Electronic skins offer exciting opportunities for human-machine interfaces.

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Concepts associés (32)
Stimulus modality
Stimulus modality, also called sensory modality, is one aspect of a stimulus or what is perceived after a stimulus. For example, the temperature modality is registered after heat or cold stimulate a receptor. Some sensory modalities include: light, sound, temperature, taste, pressure, and smell. The type and location of the sensory receptor activated by the stimulus plays the primary role in coding the sensation. All sensory modalities work together to heighten stimuli sensation when necessary.
Peau humaine
La peau humaine est l'organe le plus grand et étendu et le plus lourd du corps (environ 10 % de la masse corporelle totale d'un adulte moyen) ; chez l'adulte sa surface est d'environ , son épaisseur varie de (paupières) à 4-5 mm (haut du dos notamment). Sa surface d'échange est cependant bien plus petite que celle du poumon () ou de l'intestin (, environ deux terrains de tennis) et elle est bien moins perméable. Elle est l'habitat du Microbiote cutané humain. La spécialité de médecine traitant de la peau et de ses affections est la dermatologie.
Intégration sensorielle
L’intégration sensorielle fait référence à plusieurs concepts différents. En neurophysiologie, l’intégration sensorielle se réfère au processus neurologique impliquant la réception, la modulation et l’intégration des informations sensorielles. Le système nerveux transforme les sensations en perceptions en organisant les informations sensorielles provenant du corps et de l’environnement (fournies par les différents systèmes sensoriels : tactile, auditif, visuel, gustatif/olfactif, vestibulaire, proprioceptif) afin d’utiliser efficacement le corps.
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