Athletic heart syndromeAthletic heart syndrome (AHS) is a non-pathological condition commonly seen in sports medicine in which the human heart is enlarged, and the resting heart rate is lower than normal. The athlete's heart is associated with physiological cardiac remodeling as a consequence of repetitive cardiac loading. Athlete's heart is common in athletes who routinely exercise more than an hour a day, and occurs primarily in endurance athletes, though it can occasionally arise in heavy weight trainers.
Unbiased estimation of standard deviationIn statistics and in particular statistical theory, unbiased estimation of a standard deviation is the calculation from a statistical sample of an estimated value of the standard deviation (a measure of statistical dispersion) of a population of values, in such a way that the expected value of the calculation equals the true value. Except in some important situations, outlined later, the task has little relevance to applications of statistics since its need is avoided by standard procedures, such as the use of significance tests and confidence intervals, or by using Bayesian analysis.
Sinus tachycardiaSinus tachycardia is a sinus rhythm with an increased rate of electrical discharge from the sinoatrial node, resulting in a tachycardia, a heart rate that is higher than the upper limit of normal (90-100 beats per minute for adult humans). The normal resting heart rate is 60–90 bpm in an average adult. Normal heart rates vary with age and level of fitness, from infants having faster heart rates (110-150 bpm) and the elderly having slower heart rates.
Truncated normal distributionIn probability and statistics, the truncated normal distribution is the probability distribution derived from that of a normally distributed random variable by bounding the random variable from either below or above (or both). The truncated normal distribution has wide applications in statistics and econometrics. Suppose has a normal distribution with mean and variance and lies within the interval . Then conditional on has a truncated normal distribution. Its probability density function, , for , is given by and by otherwise.
Nœud sinusalLe nœud sinusal, nœud sino-auriculaire, nœud sinoatrial ou nœud de Keith et Flack (nodus sinuatrialis) est un ensemble de cellules situé dans la paroi supérieure de l'atrium droit du cœur, dont la dépolarisation commande le rythme cardiaque physiologique, dit « rythme sinusal ». Il fut décrit pour la première fois par Arthur Keith et Martin Flack en 1907. Il s'agit d'un groupe de cellules, un tissu, situées au sommet de l'oreillette droite (atrium droit), près de l'arrivée de la veine cave supérieure.
Dystonie neurovégétativeLa dystonie neurovégétative (ou DNV ou dystonie vagosympathique ou dysautonomie ou neurotonie), du grec dus : difficulté, et tonos : ressort, est un dérèglement global du système neurovégétatif (ou système nerveux autonome ou SNA), dont l'origine est primitive ou secondaire. Le SNA est un système nerveux très particulier qui innerve tous les organes humains. Il est composé de deux branches, le sympathique ergotrope et le parasympathique trophotrope. Leurs actions sur l'organisme sont opposées et complémentaires.
Autonomic neuropathyAutonomic neuropathy (AN or AAN) is a form of polyneuropathy that affects the non-voluntary, non-sensory nervous system (i.e., the autonomic nervous system), affecting mostly the internal organs such as the bladder muscles, the cardiovascular system, the digestive tract, and the genital organs. These nerves are not under a person's conscious control and function automatically. Autonomic nerve fibers form large collections in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis outside the spinal cord.
Inappropriate sinus tachycardiaInappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a type of cardiac arrhythmia. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is caused by electrical signals in the body speeding up the heart, rather than a physical deformity of the heart. This may be caused by a disturbance and/or failure of the autonomic nervous system. Research into the mechanism and etiology (cause) of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is ongoing. While sinus tachycardia is very common and is the most common type of tachycardia, it is rare to be diagnosed with Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia as an independent symptom that is not part of a larger condition.
Nombre normalEn mathématiques, un nombre normal en base 10 est un nombre réel tel que dans la suite de ses décimales, toute suite finie de décimales consécutives (ou séquence) apparaît avec la même fréquence limite que n'importe laquelle des séquences de même longueur. Par exemple, la séquence 1789 y apparaît avec une fréquence limite 1/10 000. Émile Borel les a ainsi nommés lors de sa démonstration du fait que presque tout réel possède cette propriété. Notons l'ensemble des chiffres en base , et soit un nombre réel.
