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All-optical poling leads to an effective second-order nonlinearity (chi((2))) in centrosymmetric materials without the need for sophisticated fabrication techniques or material processing, through the periodic self-organization of the charges. The absence of the inherent chi((2)) in prevailing silicon-based platforms can be surmounted through all-optical poling. Using the induced effective chi((2)) in silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguides, nonlinear frequency up-conversion processes, such as second-harmonic generation, were previously demonstrated on Si3N4. Here, we report near- and non-degenerate difference-frequency generation in all-optically poled Si3N4 waveguides. We show the agreement between the theory and the measurements and optimize achievable QPM bandwidth range, reaching conversion efficiency of 1 %/W.
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Camille Sophie Brès, Davide Grassani, Tobias Kippenberg, Tianyi Liu, Edgars Nitiss, Martin Hubert Peter Pfeiffer
Camille Sophie Brès, Tobias Kippenberg, Junqiu Liu, Edgars Nitiss, Rui Ning Wang, Ozan Yakar, Boris Zabelich