Foreach loopIn computer programming, foreach loop (or for-each loop) is a control flow statement for traversing items in a collection. is usually used in place of a standard loop statement. Unlike other loop constructs, however, loops usually maintain no explicit counter: they essentially say "do this to everything in this set", rather than "do this times". This avoids potential off-by-one errors and makes code simpler to read. In object-oriented languages, an iterator, even if implicit, is often used as the means of traversal.
LinearizationIn mathematics, linearization is finding the linear approximation to a function at a given point. The linear approximation of a function is the first order Taylor expansion around the point of interest. In the study of dynamical systems, linearization is a method for assessing the local stability of an equilibrium point of a system of nonlinear differential equations or discrete dynamical systems. This method is used in fields such as engineering, physics, economics, and ecology.
Boucle whilevignette|Boucle while En programmation, la boucle while, francisée en boucle tant que, est une structure de contrôle permettant d'exécuter un ensemble d'instructions de façon répétée sur la base d'une condition booléenne. La boucle while peut être considérée comme une répétition de l'instruction if. Une boucle while est constituée d’un bloc de code source et d’une condition. À l’exécution, la condition est d’abord évaluée, et si elle est vraie, le bloc de code source est évalué.
