CollectiveA collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest, or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an economic benefit or saving, but can be that as well. The term "collective" is sometimes used to describe a species as a whole—for example, the human collective. For political purposes, a collective is defined by decentralized, or "majority-rules" decision making styles.
Capital naturelLe capital naturel fait référence aux ressources telles que minéraux, plantes, animaux, air, pétrole de la biosphère terrestre, vus comme moyens de production de biens et services écologiques : production d'oxygène, épuration naturelle de l'eau, prévention de l'érosion, pollinisation des cultures, et même fourniture de services récréatifs, y compris les « services de beauté des paysages ».
Standardized momentIn probability theory and statistics, a standardized moment of a probability distribution is a moment (often a higher degree central moment) that is normalized, typically by a power of the standard deviation, rendering the moment scale invariant. The shape of different probability distributions can be compared using standardized moments. Let X be a random variable with a probability distribution P and mean value (i.e. the first raw moment or moment about zero), the operator E denoting the expected value of X.
Rational egoismRational egoism (also called rational selfishness) is the principle that an action is rational if and only if it maximizes one's self-interest. As such, it is considered a normative form of egoism, though historically has been associated with both positive and normative forms. In its strong form, rational egoism holds that to not pursue one's own interest is unequivocally irrational. Its weaker form, however, holds that while it is rational to pursue self-interest, failing to pursue self-interest is not always irrational.
Quinque viaeLes quinque viae (les cinq voies) sont des voies pour accéder à l'existence de Dieu par la raison. Elles sont développées par Thomas d'Aquin dans la Somme théologique, partie, question 2, article 3 : « Dieu existe-t-il ? ». La méthode pour remonter à Dieu par la raison se résume à trois points : par mode de causalité (il est la cause de ce monde), par mode de négation, c’est-à-dire en niant en lui ce qui est limité en nous (par exemple : Dieu n'est pas matériel, mortel, localisé), et par mode d'éminence, en affirmant qu'il existe en lui éminemment ce qui est qualitatif en nous (par exemple : Dieu est amour, intelligence, puissance.
Collective farmingCollective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities as a collective, and state farms, which are owned and directly run by a centralized government. The process by which farmland is aggregated is called collectivization.
