Crise financièrethumb|Gravure du numéro du 24 mai 1884 du Harper's Weekly décrivant la situation à Wall Street le matin du 14 mai, lors de la . Une crise financière est un terme polysémique qui recouvre des réalités diverses dont le dénominateur commun est une chute abrupte d'une activité économique dématérialisée. Les crises monétaires, les crises bancaires et les crises boursières sont ainsi des crises financières. Le terme est aussi utilisé pour désigner les crises de la dette publique ou des crises qui affectent un marché à terme, voire un marché de produit agricole, comme celui touché au aux Pays-Bas par la tulipomanie.
Histoire du capital risqueL'histoire du capital risque est l'histoire du développement du capital risque dans le monde. Le capital risque a longtemps existé sous des formes diverses : monarques, investisseurs, riches industriels ont financé de nombreux projets à l'issue incertaine. Le capital risque comme on le connaît n'émerge pas réellement avant le XXe siècle. C'est après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, que le capital risque s'est formalisé comme industrie à part entière. L'histoire du capital risque fait ainsi l'objet de débats historiographiques.
ZielA goal or objective is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envision, plan and commit to achieve. People endeavour to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines. A goal is roughly similar to a purpose or aim, the anticipated result which guides reaction, or an end, which is an object, either a physical object or an abstract object, that has intrinsic value. Goal setting Goal-setting theory was formulated based on empirical research and has been called one of the most important theories in organizational psychology.
Crise des Savings and loanPrécédée par la période des junk bonds et du krach de 1987, la crise des Savings and loan, les caisses d'épargne américaines, s'est déclenchée en 1987 en raison d'investissement hasardeux dans l'immobilier, pour profiter d'avantages fiscaux qui permettaient de meilleures plus-values. Plus de institutions assurées ont fait faillite à partir de 1985. La guerre du Golfe précipita la crise : de juin à , l'indice boursier américain S&P 500, ajusté de l'inflation, chuta de 15 %.
Private equity firmA private equity firm is an investment management company that provides financial backing and makes investments in the private equity of startup or operating companies through a variety of loosely affiliated investment strategies including leveraged buyout, venture capital, and growth capital. Often described as a financial sponsor, each firm will raise funds that will be invested in accordance with one or more specific investment strategies.
Crise économique asiatiqueLa crise économique asiatique est une crise économique qui touche les pays de l’Asie du Sud-Est et les pays avoisinants la région à partir de juillet 1997. Cette crise se propage, quoique de manière diluée, à d’autres pays émergents, dont notamment la Russie, l'Argentine et le Brésil. Cette crise est due aux déséquilibres macroéconomiques accumulés par les pays asiatiques qui ont bénéficié d'un afflux massif de capitaux étrangers dans les années 1980 et 1990. Les pays d'Asie du Sud-Est connaissent une croissance rapide dans les années 1980 et 1990.
Goal settingGoal setting involves the development of an action plan designed in order to motivate and guide a person or group toward a goal. Goals are more deliberate than desires and momentary intentions. Therefore, setting goals means that a person has committed thought, emotion, and behavior towards attaining the goal. In doing so, the goal setter has established a desired future state which differs from their current state thus creating a mismatch which in turn spurs future actions.
Financial crisis of 33A financial and economic crisis occurred in 33 CE in the Roman Empire, during the reign of Emperor Tiberius. After a shift in government policy and a series of confiscations reduced the Roman money supply, the crisis was triggered by the invocation of an old law which resulted in the early recalls of loans given, a credit crunch, and a crash of real estate prices. The crisis was eventually resolved with a liquidity injection in form of interest-free loans.
Financial regulationFinancial regulation is a form of regulation or supervision, which subjects financial institutions to certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines, aiming to maintain the stability and integrity of the financial system. This may be handled by either a government or non-government organization. Financial regulation has also influenced the structure of banking sectors by increasing the variety of financial products available. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law.
Affordable housingAffordable housing is housing which is deemed affordable to those with a household income at or below the median as rated by the national government or a local government by a recognized housing affordability index. Most of the literature on affordable housing refers to mortgages and a number of forms that exist along a continuum – from emergency homeless shelters, to transitional housing, to non-market rental (also known as social or subsidized housing), to formal and informal rental, indigenous housing, and ending with affordable home ownership.
