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Sub-10 ps Minimum Ionizing Particle Detection With Geiger-Mode APDs
Résumé
Major advances in silicon pixel detectors, with outstanding timing performance, have recently attracted significant attention in the community. In this work we present and discuss the use of state-of-the-art Geiger-mode APDs, also known as single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), for the detection of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) with best-in-class timing resolution. The SPADs were implemented in standard CMOS technology and integrated with on-chip quenching and recharge circuitry. Two devices in coincidence allowed to measure the time-of-flight of 180 GeV/c momentum pions with a coincidence time resolution of 22 ps FWHM (9.4 ps Gaussian sigma). Radiation hardness measurements, also presented here, highlight the suitability of this family of devices for a wide range of high energy physics (HEP) applications.
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Concepts associés (22)
Avalanche photodiode
An avalanche photodiode (APD) is a highly sensitive semiconductor photodiode detector that exploits the photoelectric effect to convert light into electricity. From a functional standpoint, they can be regarded as the semiconductor analog of photomultiplier tubes. The avalanche photodiode (APD) was invented by Japanese engineer Jun-ichi Nishizawa in 1952. However, study of avalanche breakdown, microplasma defects in silicon and germanium and the investigation of optical detection using p-n junctions predate this patent.
Pouvoir d'arrêt (rayonnement ionisant)
En traversant la matière, les particules chargées ionisent les atomes ou les molécules le long de leur parcours, avec pour conséquence que les particules perdent peu à peu leur énergie. Le pouvoir d'arrêt est la perte moyenne d'énergie de la particule par unité de distance parcourue, mesurée par exemple en MeV/cm (voir la figure ci-contre). Le pouvoir d'arrêt dépend du type de particule, de son énergie et des propriétés de la matière traversée.
Particule α
Les particules alpha (ou rayons alpha) sont une forme de rayonnement émis, principalement, par des noyaux instables de grande masse atomique. Elles sont constituées de deux protons et deux neutrons combinés en une particule identique au noyau d' (hélion) ; elles peuvent donc s'écrire 4He2+. La masse d'une particule alpha est de , ce qui équivaut à une énergie de masse de . Radioactivité α Les particules alpha sont émises par des noyaux radioactifs, comme l'uranium ou le radium, par l'intermédiaire du processus de désintégration alpha.
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Learn the basics of plasma, one of the fundamental states of matter, and the different types of models used to describe it, including fluid and kinetic.
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Learn about plasma applications from nuclear fusion powering the sun, to making integrated circuits, to generating electricity.