Fractional matchingIn graph theory, a fractional matching is a generalization of a matching in which, intuitively, each vertex may be broken into fractions that are matched to different neighbor vertices. Given a graph G = (V, E), a fractional matching in G is a function that assigns, to each edge e in E, a fraction f(e) in [0, 1], such that for every vertex v in V, the sum of fractions of edges adjacent to v is at most 1: A matching in the traditional sense is a special case of a fractional matching, in which the fraction of every edge is either 0 or 1: f(e) = 1 if e is in the matching, and f(e) = 0 if it is not.
Well-covered graphIn graph theory, a well-covered graph is an undirected graph in which every minimal vertex cover has the same size as every other minimal vertex cover. Equivalently, these are the graphs in which all maximal independent sets have equal size. Well-covered graphs were defined and first studied by Michael D. Plummer in 1970. The well-covered graphs include all complete graphs, balanced complete bipartite graphs, and the rook's graphs whose vertices represent squares of a chessboard and edges represent moves of a chess rook.
Graphe diamantLe graphe diamant est, en théorie des graphes, un graphe possédant 4 sommets et 5 arêtes. Il peut être construit à partir du graphe complet à quatre sommets, K4 en lui retirant une arête quelconque. Il est hamiltonien, une autre façon de le construire étant de partir du graphe cycle C4 et de lui ajouter une arête quelconque. Le nom de graphe diamant est employé au sein de la classification de l'ISGCI (Information System on Graph Classes and their Inclusions).
Cycle double coverIn graph-theoretic mathematics, a cycle double cover is a collection of cycles in an undirected graph that together include each edge of the graph exactly twice. For instance, for any polyhedral graph, the faces of a convex polyhedron that represents the graph provide a double cover of the graph: each edge belongs to exactly two faces. It is an unsolved problem, posed by George Szekeres and Paul Seymour and known as the cycle double cover conjecture, whether every bridgeless graph has a cycle double cover.
Graphe sans triangleEn théorie des graphes, un graphe sans triangle est un graphe qui ne possède pas de triplet d'arêtes formant un triangle. Le théorème de Mantel, cas particulier du théorème de Turán, est : La famille des graphes sans triangle, contient notamment les graphes acycliques et est contenue dans les graphes sans diamant. Les graphes sans triangle peuvent être reconnus en temps , où est le nombre d'arêtes. De façon plus générale, on peut reconnaître les graphes n'ayant pas de cycles d'une certaine longueur (fixé dans l'algorithme), en temps (avec le nombre de sommets) ou en temps .
