Agent-based computational economicsAgent-based computational economics (ACE) is the area of computational economics that studies economic processes, including whole economies, as dynamic systems of interacting agents. As such, it falls in the paradigm of complex adaptive systems. In corresponding agent-based models, the "agents" are "computational objects modeled as interacting according to rules" over space and time, not real people. The rules are formulated to model behavior and social interactions based on incentives and information.
Théorie des systèmes dynamiquesLa théorie des systèmes dynamiques désigne couramment la branche des mathématiques qui s'efforce d'étudier les propriétés d'un système dynamique. Cette recherche active se développe à la frontière de la topologie, de l'analyse, de la géométrie, de la théorie de la mesure et des probabilités. La nature de cette étude est conditionnée par le système dynamique étudié et elle dépend des outils utilisés (analytiques, géométriques ou probabilistes).
Stock and flowEconomics, business, accounting, and related fields often distinguish between quantities that are stocks and those that are flows. These differ in their units of measurement. A stock is measured at one specific time, and represents a quantity existing at that point in time (say, December 31, 2004), which may have accumulated in the past. A flow variable is measured over an interval of time. Therefore, a flow would be measured per unit of time (say a year). Flow is roughly analogous to rate or speed in this sense.
Council houseA council house (also ‘corporation house’) or council flat is a form of British public housing built by local authorities. A council estate is a building complex containing a number of council houses and other amenities like schools and shops. Construction took place mainly from 1919 after the Housing Act 1919 to the 1980s, with much less council housing built since then. There were local design variations, but they all adhered to local authority building standards.
Bourse de LondresLa bourse de Londres (en anglais : en , abrégé en LSE) est un marché boursier situé à Londres, dans la City. Il est l'un des plus grands marchés boursiers de la planète, offrant les titres de plusieurs entreprises américaines et britanniques. C'est une filiale du London Stock Exchange Group. La société de gestion est cotée, faisant même partie de l'indice FTSE 250. Son siège se trouve entre en et en à deux pas de la cathédrale Saint-Paul et de l'actuelle Haute Cour criminelle de en . Le dirigeant actuel du LSE est .
EmergentismEmergentism is the belief in emergence, particularly as it involves consciousness and the philosophy of mind. A property of a system is said to be emergent if it is a new outcome of some other properties of the system and their interaction, while it is itself different from them. Within the philosophy of science, emergentism is analyzed both as it contrasts with and parallels reductionism. Emergentism can be compatible with physicalism, the theory that the universe is composed exclusively of physical entities, and in particular with the evidence relating changes in the brain with changes in mental functioning.
Propriété publiquealt=Exemple de propriété publique|vignette Au Canada, la propriété publique est la propriété de l'État ou entité assimilable, par opposition à la propriété privée des particuliers, des communautés de particuliers et des entreprises. Plusieurs propriétés publiques sont librement accessibles au public. On peut citer les bibliothèques, les parcs, les forêts, les routes, les musées à certaines dates, etc.
Resource efficiencyResource efficiency is the maximising of the supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively, with minimum wasted (natural) resource expenses. It means using the Earth's limited resources in a sustainable manner while minimising environmental impact. A 2014 report by The Carbon Trust suggested that resource challenges are intensifying rapidly – for example, there could be a 40% gap between available water supplies and water needs by 2030, and some critical materials could be in short supply as soon as 2016.
