Conditionnement (analyse numérique)En analyse numérique, une discipline des mathématiques, le conditionnement mesure la dépendance de la solution d'un problème numérique par rapport aux données du problème, ceci afin de contrôler la validité d'une solution calculée par rapport à ces données. En effet, les données d'un problème numérique dépendent en général de mesures expérimentales et sont donc entachées d'erreurs. Il s'agit le plus souvent d'une quantité numérique. De façon plus générale, on peut dire que le conditionnement associé à un problème est une mesure de la difficulté de calcul numérique du problème.
Linear equation over a ringIn algebra, linear equations and systems of linear equations over a field are widely studied. "Over a field" means that the coefficients of the equations and the solutions that one is looking for belong to a given field, commonly the real or the complex numbers. This article is devoted to the same problems where "field" is replaced by "commutative ring", or, typically "Noetherian integral domain". In the case of a single equation, the problem splits in two parts.
Linear recurrence with constant coefficientsIn mathematics (including combinatorics, linear algebra, and dynamical systems), a linear recurrence with constant coefficients (also known as a linear recurrence relation or linear difference equation) sets equal to 0 a polynomial that is linear in the various iterates of a variable—that is, in the values of the elements of a sequence. The polynomial's linearity means that each of its terms has degree 0 or 1.
Technological convergenceTechnological convergence is the tendency for technologies that were originally unrelated to become more closely integrated and even unified as they develop and advance. For example, watches, telephones, television, computers, and social media platforms began as separate and mostly unrelated technologies, but have converged in many ways into an interrelated telecommunication, media, and technology industry.
Terminal illnessTerminal illness or end-stage disease is a disease that cannot be cured or adequately treated and is expected to result in the death of the patient. This term is more commonly used for progressive diseases such as cancer, dementia or advanced heart disease than for injury. In popular use, it indicates a disease that will progress until death with near absolute certainty, regardless of treatment. A patient who has such an illness may be referred to as a terminal patient, terminally ill or simply as being terminal.
