Renewable energy in ChinaChina is the world's leader in electricity production from renewable energy sources, with over triple the generation of the second-ranking country, the United States. China's renewable energy sector is growing faster than its fossil fuels and nuclear power capacity, and is expected to contribute 43 per cent of global renewable capacity growth. China's total renewable energy capacity exceeded 1,000 GW in 2021, accounting for 43.5 per cent of the country's total power generation capacity, 10.
Ressource renouvelablethumb|Déforestation en Europe Une ressource renouvelable est une ressource naturelle dont le stock peut se reconstituer sur une période courte à l'échelle humaine de temps, en se renouvelant au moins aussi vite qu'elle est consommée. C'est le cas par exemple de diverses ressources animales d'élevage ou végétales cultivées (biomasse), l'eau d'une nappe d'eau souterraine dont le niveau reste stable, de l'énergie éolienne et de l'énergie solaire. En ce qui concerne les ressources vivantes naturelles (gibiers, poissons, mais aussi humus, forêts primaires.
Loschmidt's paradoxIn physics, Loschmidt's paradox (named for J.J. Loschmidt), also known as the reversibility paradox, irreversibility paradox, or Umkehreinwand (), is the objection that it should not be possible to deduce an irreversible process from time-symmetric dynamics. This puts the time reversal symmetry of (almost) all known low-level fundamental physical processes at odds with any attempt to infer from them the second law of thermodynamics which describes the behaviour of macroscopic systems.
Cost–utility analysisCost–utility analysis (CUA) is a form of economic analysis used to guide procurement decisions. The most common and well-known application of this analysis is in pharmacoeconomics, especially health technology assessment (HTA). In health economics, the purpose of CUA is to estimate the ratio between the cost of a health-related intervention and the benefit it produces in terms of the number of years lived in full health by the beneficiaries. Hence it can be considered a special case of cost-effectiveness analysis, and the two terms are often used interchangeably.
Greenhouse gas emissionsGreenhouse gas emissions (abbreviated as GHG emissions) from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Carbon dioxide (), from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is one of the most important factors in causing climate change. The largest emitters are China followed by the US, although the United States has higher emissions per capita. The main producers fueling the emissions globally are large oil and gas companies.
Cycle combinéUn cycle combiné (CC), expression déclinée en CCPP (de l'anglais combined cycle power plant) ou CCGT (de l'anglais combined cycle gas turbine), est un mode combiné de production d'énergie ou, par métonymie, une centrale électrique utilisant plus d'un cycle thermodynamique. Une turbine à combustion transforme une partie de l’énergie fournie par le combustible en énergie mécanique pouvant ensuite être convertie en électricité au moyen d'un générateur électrique.
Cost-effectiveness analysisCost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a form of economic analysis that compares the relative costs and outcomes (effects) of different courses of action. Cost-effectiveness analysis is distinct from cost–benefit analysis, which assigns a monetary value to the measure of effect. Cost-effectiveness analysis is often used in the field of health services, where it may be inappropriate to monetize health effect.
Alternative fuelAlternative fuels, also known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are fuels derived from sources other than petroleum. Alternative fuels include gaseous fossil fuels like propane, natural gas, methane, and ammonia; biofuels like biodiesel, bioalcohol, and refuse-derived fuel; and other renewable fuels like hydrogen and electricity. These fuels serve are intended to substitute for more carbon intensive energy sources like gasoline and diesel in transportation and can help to contribute to decarbonization and reductions in pollution.
Science de l'environnementLa science de l'environnement ou science environnementale est une discipline qui intègre les sciences physiques et biologiques telles la physique, la chimie (la biochimie et la chimie de l'environnement), la biologie, l'écologie, la pédologie, la géologie, la géomorphologie, la géographie, la climatologie, l'écologie rétrospective, l'histoire environnementale, etc. afin de mener l'étude de l'environnement.
BiocarburantUn biocarburant est un carburant (combustible liquide ou gazeux) produit à partir de matériaux organiques non fossiles, provenant de la biomasse (c'est le sens du préfixe « bio » dans biocarburant) et qui vient en complément ou en substitution du combustible fossile. Ceux qui sont produits par la filière agricole sont désignés sous le vocable d'agrocarburant.
