Web Ontology LanguageWeb Ontology Language (OWL) est un langage de représentation des connaissances construit sur le modèle de données de RDF. Il fournit les moyens pour définir des ontologies web structurées. Sa deuxième version est devenue une recommandation du W3C fin 2012. Le langage OWL est basé sur les recherches effectuées dans le domaine de la logique de description.
Ingénierie système basée sur les modèlesL'ISBM est une approche technique de l'ingénierie des systèmes qui se concentre sur la création et l'exploitation de modèles de domaine comme principal moyen d'échange d'informations, plutôt que sur l'échange d'informations basé sur des documents. L'INCOSE (International Council on Systems Engineering) la définit comme l' application formalisée de la modélisation pour prendre en charge les exigences du système, la conception, l'analyse, la vérification et les activités de validation commençant dans la phase de conception conceptuelle et se poursuivant tout au long du développement.
Cadre ZachmanLe cadre Zachman est un cadre d'architecture d'entreprise qui permet d'une manière formelle et hautement structurée de définir le système d'information d'une entreprise. Il utilise un modèle de classification à deux dimensions basé sur : six interrogations de base : Quoi, Comment, Où, Qui, Quand, et Pourquoi (What, How, Where, Who, When, Why), qui croisent six types de modèles distincts qui se rapportent à des groupes de parties prenantes : Visionnaire, Propriétaire, Concepteur, Réalisateur, Sous-traitant et Exécutant (visionary, owner, designer, builder, implementer, worker) pour présenter une vue holistique de l'entreprise qui est modélisée.
Software requirementsSoftware requirements for a system are the description of what the system should do, the service or services that it provides and the constraints on its operation. The IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology defines a requirement as: A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective. A condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed document.
Architecture domainAn architecture domain in enterprise architecture is a broad view of an enterprise or system. It is a partial representation of a whole system that addresses several concerns of several stakeholders. It is a description that hides other views or facets of the system described. Business, data, application and technology architectures are recognized as the core domains in the most of proposed concepts concerned with the definition of enterprise architecture.
Manufacturing engineeringManufacturing engineering or production engineering is a branch of professional engineering that shares many common concepts and ideas with other fields of engineering such as mechanical, chemical, electrical, and industrial engineering. Manufacturing engineering requires the ability to plan the practices of manufacturing; to research and to develop tools, processes, machines and equipment; and to integrate the facilities and systems for producing quality products with the optimum expenditure of capital.
Génie industrielSelon l'American Institute of Industrial Engineers, « Le génie industriel englobe la conception, l'amélioration et l'installation de systèmes intégrés. Il utilise les connaissances provenant des sciences mathématiques, physiques et sociales, ainsi que les principes et méthodes propres au “génie” ou, à l'art de l'ingénieur, dans le but de spécifier, prédire et évaluer les résultats découlant de ces systèmes. » On peut résumer tous les domaines qui touchent au génie industriel par la phrase : « Optimisation des performances globales de l'entreprise.
Ontology engineeringIn computer science, information science and systems engineering, ontology engineering is a field which studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, which encompasses a representation, formal naming and definition of the categories, properties and relations between the concepts, data and entities. In a broader sense, this field also includes a knowledge construction of the domain using formal ontology representations such as OWL/RDF.
Semantic technologyThe ultimate goal of semantic technology is to help machines understand data. To enable the encoding of semantics with the data, well-known technologies are RDF (Resource Description Framework) and OWL (Web Ontology Language). These technologies formally represent the meaning involved in information. For example, ontology can describe concepts, relationships between things, and categories of things. These embedded semantics with the data offer significant advantages such as reasoning over data and dealing with heterogeneous data sources.
Stochastic simulationA stochastic simulation is a simulation of a system that has variables that can change stochastically (randomly) with individual probabilities. Realizations of these random variables are generated and inserted into a model of the system. Outputs of the model are recorded, and then the process is repeated with a new set of random values. These steps are repeated until a sufficient amount of data is gathered. In the end, the distribution of the outputs shows the most probable estimates as well as a frame of expectations regarding what ranges of values the variables are more or less likely to fall in.
