Bain à ultrasonsLe bain à ultrasons ou nettoyage à ultrasons ou sonicateur est une procédure accélérée de nettoyage de pièces ou de dissolution de produits par l’effet mécanique d’ondes ultrasonores de fréquence généralement comprises entre et . Généralement, le nettoyage par ultrasons s'effectue par immersion de la pièce à nettoyer dans un bain. Le dispositif comprend une cuve assez grande pour recevoir la pièce à nettoyer. De l'eau ou un autre solvant (pour dégraisser), auxquels s'ajoutent éventuellement des produits détergents remplissent la cuve.
Prestressed concretePrestressed concrete is a form of concrete used in construction. It is substantially "prestressed" (compressed) during production, in a manner that strengthens it against tensile forces which will exist when in service. This compression is produced by the tensioning of high-strength "tendons" located within or adjacent to the concrete and is done to improve the performance of the concrete in service. Tendons may consist of single wires, multi-wire strands or threaded bars that are most commonly made from high-tensile steels, carbon fiber or aramid fiber.
Béton de cimentthumb|upright=1.0|Un mètre cube de béton (représentant la production mondiale annuelle de béton par habitant). Le béton de ciment, couramment appelé béton, est un mélange de ciment, de granulats, d'eau et d'adjuvants. Histoire du béton de ciment Ciment Le ciment se compose essentiellement de chaux, de silice, d'alumine et d'oxyde de fer combinés au silicate et aluminate de calcium. Les différents ciments résultent du mélange de clinker, de calcaire, de laitier et de cendres volantes (qui sont des composés à effet pouzzolanique, mais non considérés comme des pouzzolanes).
Electromagnetic acoustic transducerElectromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is a transducer for non-contact acoustic wave generation and reception in conducting materials. Its effect is based on electromagnetic mechanisms, which do not need direct coupling with the surface of the material. Due to this couplant-free feature, EMATs are particularly useful in harsh, i.e., hot, cold, clean, or dry environments. EMATs are suitable to generate all kinds of waves in metallic and/or magnetostrictive materials.
Precast concretePrecast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and maneuvered into place; examples include precast beams, and wall panels for tilt up construction. In contrast, cast-in-place concrete is poured into site-specific forms and cured on site. Recently lightweight expanded polystyrene foam is being used as the cores of precast wall panels, saving weight and increasing thermal insulation.
Structural dynamicsStructural dynamics is a type of structural analysis which covers the behavior of a structure subjected to dynamic (actions having high acceleration) loading. Dynamic loads include people, wind, waves, traffic, earthquakes, and blasts. Any structure can be subjected to dynamic loading. Dynamic analysis can be used to find dynamic displacements, time history, and modal analysis. Structural analysis is mainly concerned with finding out the behavior of a physical structure when subjected to force.
Phased array ultrasonicsPhased array ultrasonics (PA) is an advanced method of ultrasonic testing that has applications in medical imaging and industrial nondestructive testing. Common applications are to noninvasively examine the heart or to find flaws in manufactured materials such as welds. Single-element (non-phased array) probes, known technically as monolithic probes, emit a beam in a fixed direction. To test or interrogate a large volume of material, a conventional probe must be physically scanned (moved or turned) to sweep the beam through the area of interest.
Bioinformatique structuralevignette|262x262px| Structure tridimensionnelle d'une protéine La bioinformatique structurale est la branche de la bio-informatique liée à l'analyse et à la prédiction de la structure tridimensionnelle des macromolécules biologiques telles que les protéines, l'ARN et l'ADN. Elle traite des généralisations sur les structures tridimensionnelles des macromolécules, telles que les comparaisons des repliements globaux et des motifs locaux, les principes du repliement moléculaire, l'évolution, les interactions de liaison et les relations structure/fonction, en travaillant à la fois à partir de structures résolues expérimentalement et de modèles informatiques.
Biologie structuralevignette|droite|Structure 3D de la myoglobine du grand cachalot (PDB ID 1MBO), la première protéine dont la structure a été résolue par cristallographie aux rayons X par John Kendrew et al. en 1958. La biologie structurale est la branche de la biologie qui étudie la structure et l'organisation spatiale des macromolécules biologiques, principalement les protéines et les acides nucléiques.
Structural steelStructural steel is a category of steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a of a specific cross section. Structural steel shapes, sizes, chemical composition, mechanical properties such as strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards in most industrialized countries. Most structural steel shapes, such as -beams, have high second moments of area, which means they are very stiff in respect to their cross-sectional area and thus can support a high load without excessive sagging.
