Quantization (image processing)Quantization, involved in , is a lossy compression technique achieved by compressing a range of values to a single quantum (discrete) value. When the number of discrete symbols in a given stream is reduced, the stream becomes more compressible. For example, reducing the number of colors required to represent a digital makes it possible to reduce its file size. Specific applications include DCT data quantization in JPEG and DWT data quantization in JPEG 2000.
Joint encodingIn audio engineering, joint encoding refers to a joining of several channels of similar information during encoding in order to obtain higher quality, a smaller file size, or both. The term joint stereo has become prominent as the Internet has allowed for the transfer of relatively low bit rate, acceptable-quality audio with modest Internet access speeds. Joint stereo refers to any number of encoding techniques used for this purpose. Two forms are described here, both of which are implemented in various ways with different codecs, such as MP3, AAC and Ogg Vorbis.
JPEGJPEG (sigle de Joint Photographic Experts Group) est une norme qui définit le format d'enregistrement et l'algorithme de décodage pour une représentation numérique compressée d'une image fixe. Les extensions de nom de fichiers les plus communes pour les fichiers employant la compression JPEG sont .jpg et .jpeg, cependant .jpe, .jfif et .jif furent aussi utilisées. JPEG est l’acronyme de Joint Photographic Experts Group. Il s'agit d'un comité d’experts qui édicte des normes de compression pour l’image fixe.
Feature (computer vision)In computer vision and , a feature is a piece of information about the content of an image; typically about whether a certain region of the image has certain properties. Features may be specific structures in the image such as points, edges or objects. Features may also be the result of a general neighborhood operation or feature detection applied to the image. Other examples of features are related to motion in image sequences, or to shapes defined in terms of curves or boundaries between different image regions.
Opus Interactive Audio CodecOpus est un format ouvert de compression audio avec pertes, sans redevances et normalisé par l'Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), conçu pour encoder efficacement la voix et plus largement l'audio dans un format unique, tout en ayant une latence suffisamment faible pour la communication en temps réel et une complexité suffisamment faible pour les processeurs embarqués peu puissants. Opus remplace Vorbis et Speex pour les nouvelles applications et différents tests d'écoute en aveugle l'ont jugé supérieur à tous les autres formats audio à tous les débits, y compris MP3, AAC et HE-AAC.
Activity recognitionActivity recognition aims to recognize the actions and goals of one or more agents from a series of observations on the agents' actions and the environmental conditions. Since the 1980s, this research field has captured the attention of several computer science communities due to its strength in providing personalized support for many different applications and its connection to many different fields of study such as medicine, human-computer interaction, or sociology.
Caméra temps de volUne caméra fonctionnant sur le principe du temps de vol (anglais : Time of Flight, TOF) permet de mesurer en temps réel une scène en 3 dimensions (3D). Pour ce faire, les caméras TOF illuminent la scène et les objets mesurés par un éclair de lumière, et calculent le temps que cet éclair prend pour effectuer le trajet entre l’objet et la caméra. Le temps de vol de cet éclair est directement proportionnel à la distance entre la caméra et l’objet mesuré.
High dynamic rangeHigh dynamic range (HDR) is a dynamic range higher than usual, synonyms are wide dynamic range, extended dynamic range, expanded dynamic range. The term is often used in discussing the dynamic range of various signals such as s, videos, audio or radio. It may apply to the means of recording, processing, and reproducing such signals including analog and digitized signals. The term is also the name of some of the technologies or techniques allowing to achieve high dynamic range images, videos, or audio.
Gamma (photographie)En photographie argentique fixe ou cinématographique et en vidéo, le gamma caractérise le contraste d'un support de captation ou de diffusion d'images. thumb|Courbe caractéristique d'un négatif. En photographie et cinématographie argentiques, le gamma, ou facteur de contraste, caractérise le contraste de l'émulsion. Plus sa valeur absolue est élevée, plus l'émulsion est contrastée et inversement. Une émulsion négative a un gamma positif puisqu'elle s'opacifie avec lumière, à l'inverse une émulsion inversible (diapositive) a un gamma négatif.
Digital videoDigital video is an electronic representation of moving visual images (video) in the form of encoded digital data. This is in contrast to analog video, which represents moving visual images in the form of analog signals. Digital video comprises a series of s displayed in rapid succession, usually at 24, 30, or 60 frames per second. Digital video has many advantages such as easy copying, multicasting, sharing and storage. Digital video was first introduced commercially in 1986 with the Sony D1 format, which recorded an uncompressed standard-definition component video signal in digital form.
