Brain simulationBrain simulation is the concept of creating a functioning computer model of a brain or part of a brain. Brain simulation projects intend to contribute to a complete understanding of the brain, and eventually also assist the process of treating and diagnosing brain diseases. Various simulations from around the world have been fully or partially released as open source software, such as C. elegans, and the Blue Brain Project Showcase.
Muscle lissevignette|Tissu musculaire lisse sous microscope Le muscle lisse est un type de muscle dont, à l'inverse du muscle strié, les protéines contractiles ne sont pas organisées sous forme de sarcomères, ce qui lui ôte l'aspect strié lors de l'observation sous microscope. Le muscle lisse se contracte lentement et avec moins de force que le muscle strié. Il est sous le contrôle du système nerveux autonome et du système endocrinien et fonctionne donc de manière indépendante de la volonté.
Sus-dominanteDans la musique tonale, la sus-dominante désigne le sixième degré d'une gamme. Au même titre que la médiante, elle est appelée « note modale » parce qu'elle permet de faire la différence entre le mode majeur et le mode mineur. Quel que soit le mode — gamme majeure ou gamme mineure — ce degré est toujours situé une sixte au-dessus du degré principal, la tonique, soit, une tierce au-dessous, conformément à la règle des renversements. Cette sixte est majeure dans le mode majeur, et mineure dans le mode mineur.
Intelligent controlIntelligent control is a class of control techniques that use various artificial intelligence computing approaches like neural networks, Bayesian probability, fuzzy logic, machine learning, reinforcement learning, evolutionary computation and genetic algorithms. Intelligent control can be divided into the following major sub-domains: Neural network control Machine learning control Reinforcement learning Bayesian control Fuzzy control Neuro-fuzzy control Expert Systems Genetic control New control techniques are created continuously as new models of intelligent behavior are created and computational methods developed to support them.
Comparative physiologyComparative physiology is a subdiscipline of physiology that studies and exploits the diversity of functional characteristics of various kinds of organisms. It is closely related to evolutionary physiology and environmental physiology. Many universities offer undergraduate courses that cover comparative aspects of animal physiology. According to Clifford Ladd Prosser, "Comparative Physiology is not so much a defined discipline as a viewpoint, a philosophy.
Cycle des quintesEn théorie de la musique, le cycle des quintes est une représentation géométrique montrant la relation entre les douze degrés de l'échelle chromatique, leurs altérations correspondantes et la tonalité majeure ou mineure associée. Pythagore a fondé les bases de l’harmonique en découvrant que la musique s’articule autour de rapports algébriques. Il a mis en évidence le principe des quintes, grâce auquel on élabore les gammes pythagoriciennes.
Progression d'accordsUne progression d'accords ou progression harmonique est une série d'accords musicaux (en anglais chord progression ou chord changes) qui vise à établir (ou contredire) une tonalité fondée sur une tonique et son accord. Les accords et la théorie des accords sont connus sous le nom d'harmonie. Un accord peut être construit à partir de n'importe quelle note d'une gamme. Donc une gamme de sept notes permet sept accords de base, chaque degré de la gamme devenant la fondamentale de son propre accord.
Critical animal studiesCritical animal studies (CAS) is an interdisciplinary field in the humanities and social sciences and a theory-to-activism global community. It emerged in 2001 with the founding of the Centre for Animal Liberation Affairs by Anthony J. Nocella II and Steven Best, which in 2007 became the Institute for Critical Animal Studies (ICAS). The core interest of CAS is ethical reflection on relations between humans and other animals, firmly grounded in trans-species intersectionality, environmental justice, social justice politics and critical analysis of the underlying role played by the capitalist system.
ChromaticismChromaticism is a compositional technique interspersing the primary diatonic pitches and chords with other pitches of the chromatic scale. In simple terms, within each octave, diatonic music uses only seven different notes, rather than the twelve available on a standard piano keyboard. Music is chromatic when it uses more than just these seven notes. Chromaticism is in contrast or addition to tonality or diatonicism and modality (the major and minor, or "white key", scales).
Commodity status of animalsThe commodity status of animals is the legal status as property of most non-human animals, particularly farmed animals, working animals and animals in sport, and their use as objects of trade. In the United States, free-roaming animals (ferae naturae) are (broadly) held in trust by the state; only if captured can be claimed as personal property. Animals regarded as commodities may be bought, sold, given away, bequeathed, killed, and used as commodity producers: producers of meat, eggs, milk, fur, wool, skin and offspring, among other things.
