MucoviscidoseMaladie rare et souvent mortelle qui touche les voies digestives et respiratoires, la mucoviscidose (pour « maladie des mucus visqueux » en français) ou fibrose kystique (en cystic fibrosis, sous-entendu « du pancréas ») est une maladie génétique, affectant les épithéliums glandulaires de nombreux organes. C'est la maladie génétique à transmission autosomique récessive la plus fréquente dans les populations de type europoïde, alors qu'elle est très rare dans les populations africaines et asiatiques.
SibilanceLa sibilance est un sifflement respiratoire perçu à l'auscultation pulmonaire. À distance du patient, à l'oreille, on parle de sifflement respiratoire ou de wheezing (même si le terme wheezing a les deux sens en anglais). Il est le signe d'une gêne respiratoire qui peut être due à la présence d'un corps étranger dans les voies respiratoires ou à des maladies obstructives comme l'asthme ou la BPCO. La réduction du calibre des voies aériennes joue le rôle de « sifflet ». On parle alors de « râles sibilants ».
Intraclass correlationIn statistics, the intraclass correlation, or the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), is a descriptive statistic that can be used when quantitative measurements are made on units that are organized into groups. It describes how strongly units in the same group resemble each other. While it is viewed as a type of correlation, unlike most other correlation measures, it operates on data structured as groups rather than data structured as paired observations.
Réflexe respiratoireThe control of ventilation is the physiological mechanisms involved in the control of breathing, which is the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Ventilation facilitates respiration. Respiration refers to the utilization of oxygen and balancing of carbon dioxide by the body as a whole, or by individual cells in cellular respiration. The most important function of breathing is the supplying of oxygen to the body and balancing of the carbon dioxide levels.
Pearson correlation coefficientIn statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is a correlation coefficient that measures linear correlation between two sets of data. It is the ratio between the covariance of two variables and the product of their standard deviations; thus, it is essentially a normalized measurement of the covariance, such that the result always has a value between −1 and 1. As with covariance itself, the measure can only reflect a linear correlation of variables, and ignores many other types of relationships or correlations.
Vocal cord dysfunctionVocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a pathology affecting the vocal folds (commonly referred to as the vocal cords) characterized by full or partial vocal fold closure causing difficulty and distress during respiration, especially during inhalation. Due to the similarity in symptoms, VCD attack are often mistaken for asthma attacks or laryngospasms. Symptoms of VCD are not always present. Rather, they often occur episodically, often defined as "attacks," where the patient will be symptomatic for a short period of time.
Airway obstructionAirway obstruction is a blockage of respiration in the airway that hinders the free flow of air. It can be broadly classified into being either in the upper airway (UPA) or lower airway (LOA). Airway obstruction is a life-threatening condition and requires urgent attention, and assistance when it is needed. The assistance to clear an upper airway obstruction would begin employing first-aid anti-choking techniques.
Correlation coefficientA correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of some type of correlation, meaning a statistical relationship between two variables. The variables may be two columns of a given data set of observations, often called a sample, or two components of a multivariate random variable with a known distribution. Several types of correlation coefficient exist, each with their own definition and own range of usability and characteristics. They all assume values in the range from −1 to +1, where ±1 indicates the strongest possible agreement and 0 the strongest possible disagreement.
Mode de ventilation mécaniqueUn mode de ventilation mécanique, ou mode ventilatoire, est un aspect majeur de la ventilation mécanique en médecine. Le mode fait référence a la méthode d'assistance inspiratoire délivrée par le ventilateur. Généralement, le choix du mode ventilatoire depend de la familiarité du clinicien vis-a-vis du-dit mode et des preferences institutionnelles concernant le choix du fabricant ou du modèle de ventilateur, étant donne qu'il existe peu de preuves dans la littérature indiquant que le mode affecte le prognostic du patient.
Voies respiratoiresEn anatomie humaine, les voies respiratoires, ou voies aériennes (calque de l'anglais airways), sont des conduits qui permettent le passage de l'air entre l'extérieur du corps et les poumons, depuis le nez et la bouche jusqu'aux alvéoles pulmonaires, au cours de la ventilation (respiration : inhalation/expiration). On distingue les voies respiratoires supérieures allant du nez au larynx, et les voies inférieures, allant de la trachée aux alvéoles.
