Power toolA power tool is a tool that is actuated by an additional power source and mechanism other than the solely manual labor used with hand tools. The most common types of power tools use electric motors. Internal combustion engines and compressed air are also commonly used. Tools directly driven by animal power are not generally considered power tools. Power tools are used in industry, in construction, in the garden, for housework tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and around the house for purposes of driving (fasteners), drilling, cutting, shaping, sanding, grinding, routing, polishing, painting, heating and more.
Agent-based social simulationAgent-based social simulation (or ABSS) consists of social simulations that are based on agent-based modeling, and implemented using artificial agent technologies. Agent-based social simulation is a scientific discipline concerned with simulation of social phenomena, using computer-based multiagent models. In these simulations, persons or group of persons are represented by agents. MABSS is a combination of social science, multiagent simulation and computer simulation.
Algorithme d'Edmonds pour les couplagesEn informatique, plus précisément en théorie des graphes, l'algorithme d'Edmonds pour les couplages (blossom algorithm en anglais), aussi connu sous le nom d'algorithme des fleurs et des pétales est un algorithme pour construire des couplages maximaux sur les graphes. L'algorithme a été développé par Jack Edmonds en 1961, et publié en 1965. Étant donné un graphe quelconque G = (V, E), l'algorithme trouve un couplage M tel que chaque sommet de V est incident à au plus une arête dans E et M est de cardinal maximal.
Social complexityIn sociology, social complexity is a conceptual framework used in the analysis of society. In the sciences, contemporary definitions of complexity are found in systems theory, wherein the phenomenon being studied has many parts and many possible arrangements of the parts; simultaneously, what is complex and what is simple are relative and change in time. Contemporary usage of the term complexity specifically refers to sociologic theories of society as a complex adaptive system, however, social complexity and its emergent properties are recurring subjects throughout the historical development of social philosophy and the study of social change.
Outilthumb|Une boîte à outils en bois des années 1950. Un outil est un objet physique utilisé par un être vivant directement, ou par l'intermédiaire d'une machine, afin d'exercer une action le plus souvent mécanique, ou thermique, sur un élément d'environnement à traiter (matière brute, objet fini ou semi-fini, être vivant, etc). Il améliore l'efficacité des actions entreprises ou donne accès à des actions impossibles autrement. Beaucoup procurent un avantage mécanique en fonctionnant selon le principe d'une machine simple, comme la pince-monseigneur, qui exploite le principe du levier.
Weapon target assignment problemThe weapon target assignment problem (WTA) is a class of combinatorial optimization problems present in the fields of optimization and operations research. It consists of finding an optimal assignment of a set of weapons of various types to a set of targets in order to maximize the total expected damage done to the opponent. The basic problem is as follows: There are a number of weapons and a number of targets. The weapons are of type . There are available weapons of type . Similarly, there are targets, each with a value of .
Social simulationSocial simulation is a research field that applies computational methods to study issues in the social sciences. The issues explored include problems in computational law, psychology, organizational behavior, sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, geography, engineering, archaeology and linguistics . Social simulation aims to cross the gap between the descriptive approach used in the social sciences and the formal approach used in the natural sciences, by moving the focus on the processes/mechanisms/behaviors that build the social reality.
Quadratic assignment problemThe quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is one of the fundamental combinatorial optimization problems in the branch of optimization or operations research in mathematics, from the category of the facilities location problems first introduced by Koopmans and Beckmann. The problem models the following real-life problem: There are a set of n facilities and a set of n locations. For each pair of locations, a distance is specified and for each pair of facilities a weight or flow is specified (e.g.
Liste des outils de jardinagevignette|Représentation de plusieurs outils La pratique du jardinage repose sur des savoir-faire et des outils. Utiliser le bon outil pour la bonne tâche. On peut différencier les outils selon leur utilisation : préparation des sols avant plantation ou semis : par exemple motoculteur, fourche, bêche. préparation et entretien des sols déjà plantés ou semés, par exemple : tondeuse à gazon, arrosoir. outils d'élagage, coupe ou suppression : par exemple : tronçonneuse, scie, sécateur, taille-haie.
Arbre couvrant de poids minimalthumb|L'arbre couvrant de poids minimal d'un graphe planaire. Chaque arête est identifiée avec son poids qui, ici, est approximativement sa longueur. En théorie des graphes, étant donné un graphe non orienté connexe dont les arêtes sont pondérées, un arbre couvrant de poids minimal (ACM), arbre couvrant minimum ou arbre sous-tendant minimum de ce graphe est un arbre couvrant (sous-ensemble qui est un arbre et qui connecte tous les sommets ensemble) dont la somme des poids des arêtes est minimale (c'est-à-dire de poids inférieur ou égal à celui de tous les autres arbres couvrants du graphe).
