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Nickel oxide (NiOx)-based inverted perovskite solar cells stand as promising candidates for advancing perovskite photovoltaics towards commercialization, leveraging their remarkable stability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. However, the interfacial redox reaction between high-valence Ni4+ and perovskite, alongside the facile conversion of iodide in perovskite into I2, significantly deteriorates the performance and reproducibility of NiOx-based perovskite photovoltaics. Here, potassium borohydride (KBH4) is introduced as a dual-action reductant, which effectively avoids the Ni4+/perovskite interface reaction and mitigates the iodide-to-I2 oxidation within perovskite film. This synergistic redox modulation significantly suppresses nonradiative recombination and increases the carrier lifetime. As a result, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.17% for NiOx-based perovskite solar cells is achieved, and a record efficiency of 20.2% for NiOx-based perovskite solar modules fabricated under ambient conditions. Notably, when evaluated using the ISOS-L-2 standard protocol, the module retains 94% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h of continuous illumination under maximum power point at 65 degrees C in ambient air.|The dual-action reductant KBH4 is employed to suppress the harmful reaction between NiOx and perovskite while simultaneously avoiding iodide oxidation in perovskite. High-quality perovskite film with low-defect density on NiOx@KBH4 is achieved during the deposition in ambient conditions. This significantly improves the power conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite solar modules. image
Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Jianxing Xia, Ruiyuan Hu
Quentin Jean-Marie Armand Guesnay
Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Zhongjin Shen, Yelin Hu, Hongwei Zhu, Yinghui Wu, Jialin Wang, Miao Chen