Mobile robotA mobile robot is an automatic machine that is capable of locomotion. Mobile robotics is usually considered to be a subfield of robotics and information engineering. Mobile robots have the capability to move around in their environment and are not fixed to one physical location. Mobile robots can be "autonomous" (AMR - autonomous mobile robot) which means they are capable of navigating an uncontrolled environment without the need for physical or electro-mechanical guidance devices.
Aquatic locomotionAquatic locomotion or swimming is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium. The simplest propulsive systems are composed of cilia and flagella. Swimming has evolved a number of times in a range of organisms including arthropods, fish, molluscs, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Swimming evolved a number of times in unrelated lineages. Supposed jellyfish fossils occur in the Ediacaran, but the first free-swimming animals appear in the Early to Middle Cambrian.
Terrestrial locomotionTerrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Locomotion on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced friction being replaced by the increased effects of gravity. As viewed from evolutionary taxonomy, there are three basic forms of animal locomotion in the terrestrial environment: legged – moving by using appendages limbless locomotion – moving without legs, primarily using the body itself as a propulsive structure.
Undulatory locomotionUndulatory locomotion is the type of motion characterized by wave-like movement patterns that act to propel an animal forward. Examples of this type of gait include crawling in snakes, or swimming in the lamprey. Although this is typically the type of gait utilized by limbless animals, some creatures with limbs, such as the salamander, forgo use of their legs in certain environments and exhibit undulatory locomotion. In robotics this movement strategy is studied in order to create novel robotic devices capable of traversing a variety of environments.
Atlas (robot)vignette|Vue de face du robot Atlas en 2013. Atlas est un robot de type androïde principalement développé par Boston Dynamics, sous financement et surveillance de la Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Il mesure 1,88 m et est conçu pour diverses tâches de recherche et sauvetage, il a été dévoilé au public le . Le développement d'Atlas fait partie du Darpa Robotics Challenge. En 2016, une vidéo présentant une évolution du robot est diffusée par Boston Dynamics.
Rotating locomotion in living systemsSeveral organisms are capable of rolling locomotion. However, true wheels and propellers—despite their utility in human vehicles—do not seem to play a significant role in the movement of living things (with the exception of certain flagella, which work like corkscrews). Biologists have offered several explanations for the apparent absence of biological wheels, and wheeled creatures have appeared often in speculative fiction.
Algorithmic efficiencyIn computer science, algorithmic efficiency is a property of an algorithm which relates to the amount of computational resources used by the algorithm. An algorithm must be analyzed to determine its resource usage, and the efficiency of an algorithm can be measured based on the usage of different resources. Algorithmic efficiency can be thought of as analogous to engineering productivity for a repeating or continuous process. For maximum efficiency it is desirable to minimize resource usage.
DARPA Grand ChallengeLe DARPA Grand Challenge est une compétition organisée par la DARPA, la Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (agence américaine responsable des projets en recherche avancée pour la Défense), mettant en jeu des véhicules terrestres sans pilote et autonomes. Les deux premières années (2004 et 2005) les véhicules devaient parcourir un circuit dans le désert des Mojaves, et la troisième année (2007) un circuit en milieu urbain . La compétition fut renommée à cette occasion DARPA Urban Challenge.
Phenomenon-based learningPhenomenon-based learning (PhBL, PhenoBL or PBL) is a multidisciplinary, constructivist form of learning or pedagogy where students study a topic or concept in a holistic approach instead of in a subject-based approach. PhBL includes both topical learning (also known as topic-based learning or instruction), where the phenomenon studied is a specific topic, event, or fact, and thematic learning (also known as theme-based learning or instruction), where the phenomenon studied is a concept or idea.
MicrorobotiqueLa microrobotique est la branche de la robotique qui étudie la conception de dispositifs robotiques évoluant à l'échelle micrométrique ; du micromètre au millimètre. vignette|Microrobot fonctionnant avec une alimentation photovoltaique. Cette discipline inclut notamment l'élaboration et la fabrication de petits robots mobiles. Le terme microrobotique est parfois aussi utilisé pour désigner la production d'éléments de robots de taille micrométrique ou des éléments logiciels capables de gérer des composants micrométriques.
