Quantum mechanics of time travelUntil recently, most studies on time travel are based upon classical general relativity. Coming up with a quantum version of time travel requires physicists to figure out the time evolution equations for density states in the presence of closed timelike curves (CTC). Novikov had conjectured that once quantum mechanics is taken into account, self-consistent solutions always exist for all time machine configurations, and initial conditions. However, it has been noted such solutions are not unique in general, in violation of determinism, unitarity and linearity.
Autonomous agency theoryAutonomous agency theory (AAT) is a viable system theory (VST) which models autonomous social complex adaptive systems. It can be used to model the relationship between an agency and its environment(s), and these may include other interactive agencies. The nature of that interaction is determined by both the agency's external and internal attributes and constraints. Internal attributes may include immanent dynamic "self" processes that drive agency change.
Kalam cosmological argumentThe Kalam cosmological argument is a modern formulation of the cosmological argument for the existence of God. It is named after the Kalam (medieval Islamic scholasticism) from which its key ideas originated. William Lane Craig was principally responsible for giving new life to the argument, due to his The Kalām Cosmological Argument (1979), among other writings. The argument's key underpinning idea is the metaphysical impossibility of actual infinities and of a temporally past-infinite universe, traced by Craig to 11th-century Persian Muslim scholastic philosopher Al-Ghazali.
Problème des contactsEn mathématiques, et plus précisément en géométrie, le problème des contacts, appelé également problème d'Apollonius ou problème des trois cercles, est un des grands problèmes de l'Antiquité grecque. Il s'agit de trouver un cercle tangent à trois cercles donnés de rayons différents. Ce problème a été présenté par Pappus comme étant le dixième et le plus difficile du Traité des contacts, un des ouvrages perdus d'Apollonius. En effet, il faudra attendre 1600 pour sa résolution par François Viète qui montrera qu'il admet au maximum huit solutions.
Argument of a functionIn mathematics, an argument of a function is a value provided to obtain the function's result. It is also called an independent variable. For example, the binary function has two arguments, and , in an ordered pair . The hypergeometric function is an example of a four-argument function. The number of arguments that a function takes is called the arity of the function. A function that takes a single argument as input, such as , is called a unary function.
