Generative Temporal ICA for Classification in Asynchronous BCI Systems

In this paper we investigate the use of a temporal extension of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for the discrimination of three mental tasks for asynchronous EEG-based Brain Computer Interface systems. ICA is most commonly used with EEG for artifact identification with little work on the use of I CA for direct discrimination of different types of EEG signals. In a recent work we have shown that, by viewing ICA as a generative model, we can use Bayes' rule to form a classifier obtaining state-of-the-art results when compared to more traditional methods based on using temporal features as inputs to off-th e-shelf classifiers. However, in that model no assumption on the temporal nature of the independent components was made. In this work we model the hidden co mponents with an autoregressive process in order to investigate whether temporal information can bring any advantage in terms of discrimination of spontaneo us mental tasks.