PetrochemicalPetrochemicals (sometimes abbreviated as petchems) are the chemical products obtained from petroleum by refining. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as maize, palm fruit or sugar cane. The two most common petrochemical classes are olefins (including ethylene and propylene) and aromatics (including benzene, toluene and xylene isomers). Oil refineries produce olefins and aromatics by fluid catalytic cracking of petroleum fractions.
Active packagingThe terms active packaging, intelligent packaging, and smart packaging refer to amplified packaging systems used with foods, pharmaceuticals, and several other types of products. They help extend shelf life, monitor freshness, display information on quality, improve safety, and improve convenience. The terms are often related and can overlap. Active packaging usually means having active functions beyond the inert passive containment and protection of the product.
Emballage durabledroite|vignette|250x250px|La pâte moulée utilise du papier journal recyclé pour former les composants de l'emballage. Ici, les chercheurs moulent des emballages à base de paille. L'emballage durable est le développement et l'utilisation d'emballages qui se traduisent par une meilleure durabilité. Cela implique une utilisation accrue de l'inventaire du cycle de vie (LCI) et de l'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) pour aider à guider l'utilisation des emballages qui réduisent l'impact environnemental et l'empreinte écologique.
Plasma electrolytic oxidationPlasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), also known as electrolytic plasma oxidation (EPO) or microarc oxidation (MAO), is an electrochemical surface treatment process for generating oxide coatings on metals. It is similar to anodizing, but it employs higher potentials, so that discharges occur and the resulting plasma modifies the structure of the oxide layer. This process can be used to grow thick (tens or hundreds of micrometers), largely crystalline, oxide coatings on metals such as aluminium, magnesium and titanium.
